The Pattern of Variation between Diarrhea and Malaria Coexistence with Corresponding Risk Factors in, Chikhwawa, Malawi: A Bivariate Multilevel Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Salule Masangwi⁴  Neil Ferguson²  Anthony Grimason³  Tracy Morse⁴  Lawrence Kazembe¹ 

[1] Department of Statistics and Population Studies, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Pionerspark, P/Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia; E-Mail:;Department of Civil Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK; E-Mail:;Scotland Chikhwawa Health Initiative (SCHI), P.O. Box 30376, Blantyre 3, Malawi; E-Mail:;Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development (WASHTED), University of Malawi, The Polytechnic, P/B 303, Blantyre, Malawi; E-Mail:

关键词: malaria and diarrhea coexistence;    random effects;    Bayesian Analysis;    bivariate multilevel analysis;    household and community variation;    Southern Malawi;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijerph120708526

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Developing countries face a huge burden of infectious diseases, a number of which co-exist. This paper estimates the pattern and variation of malaria and diarrhea coexistence in Chikhwawa, a district in Southern Malawi using bivariate multilevel modelling with Bayesian estimation. A probit link was employed to examine hierarchically built data from a survey of individuals (n = 6,727) nested within households (n = 1,380) nested within communities (n = 33). Results show significant malaria [0.241]. These results suggest a close association between reported malaria-like illness and diarrheal illness especially at household and individual levels in Southern Malawi.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.