Oxidative Stress Mechanisms Caused by Ag Nanoparticles (NM300K) are Different from Those of AgNO3: Effects in the Soil Invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Maria J. Ribeiro²  Vera L. Maria²  Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand¹  Mónica J. B. Amorim² 

[1] Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, Silkeborg DK-8600, Denmark; E-Mail:;Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; E-Mails:

关键词: antioxidant system;    reactive oxygen species;    metallothionein;    lipid damage;    soil;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijerph120809589

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

The mechanisms of toxicity of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) are unclear, in particular in the terrestrial environment. In this study the effects of AgNP (AgNM300K) were assessed in terms of oxidative stress in the soil worm Enchytraeus crypticus, using a range of biochemical markers [catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), total glutathione (TG), metallothionein (MT), lipid peroxidation (LPO)]. E. crypticus were exposed during 3 and 7 days (d) to the reproduction EC₂₀, EC₅₀ and EC₈₀ levels of both AgNP and AgNO₃. AgNO₃ induced oxidative stress earlier (3 d) than AgNP (7 d), both leading to LPO despite the activation of the anti-redox system. MT increased only for AgNP. The Correspondence Analysis showed a clear separation between AgNO₃ and AgNP, with e.g., CAT being the main descriptor for AgNP for 7 d. LPO, GST and GPx were for both 3 and 7 d associated with AgNO₃, whereas MT and TG were associated with AgNP. These results may reflect a delay in the effects of AgNP compared to AgNO₃ due to the slower release of Ag⁺ ions from the AgNP, although this does not fully explain the observed differences, i.e., we can conclude that there is a nanoparticle effect.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.