Development of a Food Group-Based Diet Score and Its Association with Bone Mineral Density in the Elderly: The Rotterdam Study

Nutrients

Ester A. L. de Jonge¹  Jessica C. Kiefte-de Jong¹  Lisette C. P. G. M. de Groot³  Trudy Voortman¹  Josje D. Schoufour¹  M. Carola Zillikens²  Albert Hofman¹  André G. Uitterlinden¹  Oscar H. Franco¹ 

[1] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, P.O. box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; E-Mails:;Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, P.O. box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; E-Mails:;Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands; E-Mail:

关键词: dietary patterns;    bone mineral density;    BMD-Diet score;    healthy diet indicator;   

DOI  :  10.3390/nu7085317

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

No diet score exists that summarizes the features of a diet that is optimal for bone mineral density (BMD) in the elderly. Our aims were (a) to develop a BMD-Diet Score reflecting a diet that may be beneficial for BMD based on the existing literature, and (b) to examine the association of the BMD-Diet Score and the Healthy Diet Indicator, a score based on guidelines of the World Health Organization, with BMD in Dutch elderly participating in a prospective cohort study, the Rotterdam Study (n = 5144). Baseline dietary intake, assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, was categorized into food groups. Food groups that were consistently associated with BMD in the literature were included in the BMD-Diet Score. BMD was measured repeatedly and was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The BMD-Diet Score considered intake of vegetables, fruits, fish, whole grains, legumes/beans and dairy products as “high-BMD” components and meat and confectionary as “low-BMD” components. After adjustment, the BMD-Diet Score was positively associated with BMD (β (95% confidence interval) = 0.009 (0.005, 0.012) g/cm² per standard deviation). This effect size was approximately three times as large as has been observed for the Healthy Diet Indicator. The food groups included in our BMD-Diet Score could be considered in the development of future dietary guidelines for healthy ageing.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.