The Incremental Induction of Neuroprotective Properties by Multiple Therapeutic Strategies for Primary and Secondary Neural Injury

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Seunghoon Lee¹  Sookyoung Park³  Jinyoung Won²  Sang-Rae Lee⁴  Kyu-Tae Chang⁴  Yonggeun Hong¹ 

[1] Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea; E-Mail:;Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea; E-Mail:;Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea; E-Mail:;National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang 28116, Korea; E-Mail:

关键词: neural damages;    risk factors;    therapeutic intervention;    melatonin;    exercise;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms160819657

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Neural diseases including injury by endogenous factors, traumatic brain injury, and degenerative neural injury are eventually due to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus ROS generation in neural tissues is a hallmark feature of numerous forms of neural diseases. Neural degeneration and the neural damage process is complex, involving a vast array of tissue structure, transcriptional/translational, electrochemical, metabolic, and functional events within the intact neighbors surrounding injured neural tissues. During aging, multiple changes involving physical, chemical, and biochemical processes occur from the molecular to the morphological levels in neural tissues. Among many recommended therapeutic candidates, melatonin also plays a role in protecting the nervous system from anti-inflammation and efficiently safeguards neuronal cells via antioxidants and other endogenous/exogenous beneficial factors. Therefore, given the wide range of mechanisms responsible for neuronal damage, multi-action drugs or therapies for the treatment of neural injury that make use of two or more agents and target several pathways may have greater efficacy in promoting functional recovery than a single therapy alone.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.