Evolution of Water Lifting Devices (Pumps) over the Centuries Worldwide

Water

Stavros I. Yannopoulos¹  Gerasimos Lyberatos⁵  Nicolaos Theodossiou³  Wang Li⁷  Mohammad Valipour⁶  Aldo Tamburrino²  Andreas N. Angelakis⁴ 

[1] Faculty of Engineering, School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece;Department of Civil Engineering, University of Chile, Santiago 8370448, Chile; E-Mail:;Faculty of Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece; E-Mail:;Institute of Iraklion, National Foundation for Agricultural Research (NAGREF), Iraklion GR-71307, Greece; E-Mail:;School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechneiou 5, Zographou GR-15780, Greece; E-Mail:;Young Researchers and Elite Club, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran; E-Mail:;Department of Water Resources History, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100048, China; E-Mail:

关键词: Hellenistic Alexandria;    Ancient Egyptians;    Archimedes screw;    Chinese Dynasties;    Classical and Hellenistic periods;    Indians;    Bronze Age;    Roman times;    Persian Empire;    piston-type pump;    pre-Columbian America;    shaduf;   

DOI  :  10.3390/w7095031

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

The evolution of the major achievements in water lifting devices with emphasis on the major technologies over the centuries is presented and discussed. Valuable insights into ancient water lifting technologies with their apparent characteristics of durability, adaptability, and sustainability are provided. A comparison of the relevant technological developments in several early civilizations is carried out. These technologies are the underpinning of modern achievements in water engineering. They represent the best paradigm of probing the past and facing the future. A timeline of the historical development of water pumps worldwide through the last 5500 years of the history of mankind is presented. A chronological order is followed with emphasis on the major civilizations.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.