Effects of Olive Mill Wastewater on Soil Microarthropods and Soil Chemistry in Two Different Cultivation Scenarios in Israel and Palestinian Territories

Agriculture

Markus Peter Kurtz²  Benjamin Peikert²  Carsten Brühl³  Arnon Dag¹  Isaac Zipori¹  Jawad Hasan Shoqeir⁴  Gabriele Ellen Schaumann² 

[1] Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Gilat 85280, Israel; E-Mails:;Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau 76829, Germany; E-Mails:;Group of Ecotoxicology and Environment, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau 76829, Germany; E-Mail:;Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Al-Quds University, Abu-Dis, P.O. Box 20002, Jerusalem, Palestine; E-Mail:

关键词: olive mill waste water;    hydrophobicity;    Oribatida;    Collembola;    field study;   

DOI  :  10.3390/agriculture5030857

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Although olive mill wastewater (OMW) is often applied onto soil and is known to be phytotoxic, its impact on soil fauna is still unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate how OMW spreading in olive orchards affects Oribatida and Collembola communities, physicochemical soil properties and their interdependency. For this, we treated plots in two study sites (Gilat, Bait Reema) with OMW. Among others, the sites differed in irrigation practice, soil type and climate. We observed that soil acidity and water repellency developed to a lower extent in Gilat than in Bait Reema. This may be explained by irrigation-induced dilution and leaching of OMW compounds in Gilat. In Bait Reema, OMW application suppressed emergence of Oribatida and induced a community shift, but the abundance of Collembola increased in OMW and water-treated plots. In Gilat, Oribatida abundance increased after OMW application. The effects of OMW application on soil biota result from an interaction between stimulation of biological activity and suppression of sensitive species by toxic compounds. Environmental and management conditions are relevant for the degree and persistence of the effects. Moreover, this study underlines the need for detailed research on the ecotoxicological effects of OMW at different application rates.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.