The Fungus among Us: Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Ecological Modeling for Colombia

Journal of Fungi

Sunny Mak¹  Nórida Vélez²  Elizabeth Casta󱻚²  Patricia Escandón²  Colombian Environmental Study Group³ 

[1] Public Health Analytics, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada;Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Av. Calle 26 No. 51-20, Bogotá, D.C. 111321, Colombia; E-Mails:;Catalina de Bedout, Luz Elena Cano, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Antioquia 055428, Colombia

关键词: Cryptococcus;    cryptococcal disease;    ecological niche modeling;    risk mapping;   

DOI  :  10.3390/jof1030332

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

The environmental isolation of Cryptococcus spp. is typically a difficult undertaking. Collecting samples in the field is costly in terms of travel, personnel time and materials. Furthermore, the recovery rate of Cryptococcus spp. may be very low, thereby requiring a large number of samples to be taken without any guarantee of success. Ecological niche modeling is a tool that has traditionally been used to forecast the distribution of plant and animal of species for biodiversity and conservation purposes. Here, we use it in a public health application to produce risk area maps for cryptococcal disease in Colombia. The Genetic Algorithm for Ruleset Production (GARP) was used to create models for Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) and Cryptococcus gattii (C. gattii), based on environmental sampling and clinical records data recorded since 1987. These maps could be used to focus public health messaging related to cryptococcal disease, and it enables us to characterize the ecological niche for Cryptococcus in Colombia. We found that the ecological niche for C. gattii in Colombia is quite diverse, establishing itself in sub-tropical and temperate ecoregions within the country. This suggests that C. gattii is highly adaptive to different ecological conditions in Colombia and different regions of the world.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.