First Polarimetric GNSS-R Measurements from a Stratospheric Flight over Boreal Forests

Remote Sensing

Hugo Carreno-Luengo¹  Adriá Amèzaga²  David Vidal²  Roger Olivé²  Juan Fran Munoz²  Adriano Camps²  Chandra Giri²  Ioannis Gitas² 

[1]Barcelona Tech Remote Sensing Laboratory and IEEC/UPC, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, UPC Campus Nord, D3, Barcelona 08034, Spain

关键词: GNSS-R;    stratospheric balloon;    boreal forests;    lakes;   

DOI  :  10.3390/rs71013120

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

The first-ever dual-frequency multi-constellation Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) polarimetric measurements over boreal forests and lakes from the stratosphere are presented. Data were collected during the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB)/European Space Agency (ESA) sponsored Balloon Experiments for University Students (BEXUS) 19 stratospheric balloon experiment using the P(Y) and C/A ReflectOmeter (PYCARO) instrument operated in closed-loop mode. Maps of the polarimetric ratio for L1 and L2 Global Positioning System (GPS) and GLObal Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), and for E1 Galileo signals are derived from the float phase at 27,000 m height, and the specular points are geolocalized on the Earth’s surface. Polarimetric ratio (Γ_rl/Γ_rr) maps over boreal forests are shown to be in the range 2–16 dB for the different GNSS codes. This result suggests that the scattering is taking place not only over the soil, but over the different forests elements as well. Additionally to the interpretation of the experimental results a theoretical investigation of the different contributions to the total reflectivity over boreal forests is performed using a bistatic scattering model. The simulated cross- (reflected Left Hand Circular Polarization LHCP) and co-polar (reflected Right Hand Circular Polarization RHCP) reflectivities are evaluated for the soil, the canopy, and the canopy–soil interactions for three different biomass densities: 725 trees/ha, 150 trees/ha and 72 trees/ha. For elevation angles larger than the Brewster angle, it is found that the cross-polar signal is dominant when just single reflections over the forests are evaluated, while in the case of multiple reflections the co-polar signal becomes the largest one.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.