International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | |
Greywater Disposal Practices in Northern Botswana—The Silent Spring? | |
Kathleen A. Alexander2  Adil Godrej1  | |
[1] Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Manassas, WV 20110, USA; E-Mail:;Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA | |
关键词: sanitation; public health; greywater; pit latrine; ground water contamination; Botswana; pollution; health behavior; | |
DOI : 10.3390/ijerph121114529 | |
来源: mdpi | |
【 摘 要 】
Disposal of greywater is a neglected challenge facing rapidly growing human populations. Here, we define greywater as wastewater that originates from household activities (e.g., washing dishes, bathing, and laundry) but excludes inputs from the toilet. Pollutants in greywater can include both chemical and biological contaminates that can significantly impact human, animal, and environmental health under certain conditions. We evaluate greywater disposal practices in nonsewered, low-income residential areas in Kasane (264 dwellings/ha), Kazungula (100 du/ha), and Lesoma (99 du/ha) villages in Northern Botswana through household surveys (
【 授权许可】
CC BY
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
【 预 览 】
Files | Size | Format | View |
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RO202003190003377ZK.pdf | 9788KB | download |