Effect of Replacing Animal Protein with Plant Protein on Glycemic Control in Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients

Effie Viguiliouk²  Sarah E. Stewart²  Viranda H. Jayalath²  Alena Praneet Ng²  Arash Mirrahimi²  Russell J. de Souza²  Anthony J. Hanley¹  Richard P. Bazinet¹  Sonia Blanco Mejia²  Lawrence A. Leiter²  Robert G. Josse²  Cyril W.C. Kendall²  David J.A. Jenkins² 

[1] Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E8, Canada;Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada;

关键词: plant protein;    animal protein;    diabetes;    glycemic control;   

DOI  :  10.3390/nu7125509

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Previous research on the effect of replacing sources of animal protein with plant protein on glycemic control has been inconsistent. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effect of this replacement on glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases through 26 August 2015. We included RCTs ≥ 3-weeks comparing the effect of replacing animal with plant protein on HbA_1c, fasting glucose (FG), and fasting insulin (FI). Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data, assessed study quality and risk of bias. Data were pooled by the generic inverse variance method and expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q-statistic) and quantified (I²-statistic). Thirteen RCTs (n = 280) met the eligibility criteria. Diets emphasizing a replacement of animal with plant protein at a median level of ~35% of total protein per day significantly lowered HbA_1c (MD = −0.15%; 95%-CI: −0.26, −0.05%), FG (MD = −0.53 mmol/L; 95%-CI: −0.92, −0.13 mmol/L) and FI (MD = −10.09 pmol/L; 95%-CI: −17.31, −2.86 pmol/L) compared with control arms. Overall, the results indicate that replacing sources of animal with plant protein leads to modest improvements in glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. Owing to uncertainties in our analyses there is a need for larger, longer, higher quality trials. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT02037321.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.