Synthesis and Physical and Chemical Properties of Hypergolic Chemicals such as N,N,N-Trimethylhydrazinium and 1-Ethyl-4-Methyl-1,2,4-Triazolium Salts

Applied Sciences

Young-Seok Kim²  Gi-Hyuk Son²  Tae-Kyung Na²  Seong-Ho Choi¹ 

[1] Department of Chemistry, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Korea;

关键词: hypergolic chemicals;    rocket propellant fuel;    N;    N;    N-trimethylhydrazinium salts;    ethyl-methyl-triazolium salts;   

DOI  :  10.3390/app5041547

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Hypergolic chemicals N,N,N-trimethylhydrazinium iodide, [TMH]⁺[I]⁻, and 1-ethyl-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium iodide, [EMT]⁺[I]⁻ were firstly synthesized by nucleophilic substitution (S_N2). The successful synthesis of hypergolic chemicals [TMH]⁺[I]⁻ and [EMT]⁺[I]⁻ was confirmed by IR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy and, GC-mass spectrometry. Subsequently the hypergolic chemicals [TMH]⁺[X]⁻ (X = CN⁻, N₃⁻, NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, ClO₄⁻, AlCl₄⁻) were prepared via an ion exchange reaction from [TMH]⁺[I]⁻ and [EMT]⁺[I]⁻, respectively. After that, a mixture of hypergolic chemicals was prepared by dissolving the synthesized hypergolic chemicals in 2-hydroxyethylhydrazine (HOCH₂CH₂NHNH₂). The physical and chemical properties of the mixture such as decomposition temperature (T_d), density (d), viscosity (η), and decomposition energy (ΔH_d) was then evaluated to determine suitability for use as liquid rocket fuels. The ignition delay (ID) time of the mixture of hypergolic chemicals with [TMH]⁺[N₃]⁻ and [TMH]⁺[CN]⁻ using H₂O₂ as an oxidizer was determined as 55.6 ms and 97.4 ms; respectively. The ID time of the mixture of hypergolic chemicals with [EMT]⁺[N₃]⁻; [EMT]⁺[CN]⁻; [EMT]⁺[AlCl₄]⁻; and [EMT]⁺[I]⁻ using H₂O₂ as an oxidizer was also determined as 18.0 ms; 32.6 ms; 27.6 ms; and 7.96 ms; respectively. The synthesized mixture of hypergolic chemicals could thus be used as a rocket propellant liquid fuel.

【 授权许可】

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