Pedunculopontine Gamma Band Activity and Development

Brain Sciences

Edgar Garcia-Rill¹  Brennon Luster¹  Susan Mahaffey¹  Melanie MacNicol¹  James R. Hyde¹  Stasia M. D’Onofrio¹  Cristy Phillips² 

[1] Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; E-Mails:;Department of Physical Therapy, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72476, USA; E-Mail:

关键词: basic rest-activity cycle;    Ca²⁺ channels;    connexin 36;    electrical coupling;    parafascicular;    preconscious awareness;    REM sleep;    reticular activating system;    subcoeruleus;    waking;   

DOI  :  10.3390/brainsci5040546

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

This review highlights the most important discovery in the reticular activating system in the last 10 years, the manifestation of gamma band activity in cells of the reticular activating system (RAS), especially in the pedunculopontine nucleus, which is in charge of waking and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The identification of different cell groups manifesting P/Q-type Ca²⁺ channels that control waking vs. those that manifest N-type channels that control REM sleep provides novel avenues for the differential control of waking vs. REM sleep. Recent discoveries on the development of this system can help explain the developmental decrease in REM sleep and the basic rest-activity cycle.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.