Processes Prior and during the Early 18th Century Irish Famines—Weather Extremes and Migration

Climate

Steven Engler²  Johannes P. Werner¹ 

[1]Department of Earth Science and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Postbox 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway

[2] E-Mail:

[3]Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities, 45128 Essen, Germany

关键词: Ireland;    famine;    forgotten famines;    weather extremes;    adaptation;    migration;   

DOI  :  10.3390/cli3041035

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

This paper advances the current debates on famine and famine history, with a focus on the first half of the 18th century in Ireland. Ireland was often hit by severe famines and two of them, specifically the famines of 1728–1729 and 1740–1741, are at the center of this article. The analysis of those famines will show the relevance of weather extremes as one driver in the functional chain of famines. Analyzing the linkage between weather extremes and social, political and economic vulnerabilities of the society further enhances the debate on past famines. Additionally, this paper focuses on the migration flows in the context of both Irish famines. These migration flows lay the foundation for the migration patterns during the “Great Irish Famine” of 1845–1852.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.