FLIP the Switch: Regulation of Apoptosis and Necroptosis by cFLIP

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Yuichi Tsuchiya¹  Osamu Nakabayashi²  Hiroyasu Nakano² 

[1] Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan

关键词: apoptosis;    caspase-8;    cFLIP;    necroptosis;    TNF-α;    ubiquitin-proteasome system;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms161226232

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

cFLIP (cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein) is structurally related to caspase-8 but lacks proteolytic activity due to multiple amino acid substitutions of catalytically important residues. cFLIP protein is evolutionarily conserved and expressed as three functionally different isoforms in humans (cFLIP_L, cFLIP_S, and cFLIP_R). cFLIP controls not only the classical death receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptosis pathway, but also the non-conventional pattern recognition receptor-dependent apoptotic pathway. In addition, cFLIP regulates the formation of the death receptor-independent apoptotic platform named the ripoptosome. Moreover, recent studies have revealed that cFLIP is also involved in a non-apoptotic cell death pathway known as programmed necrosis or necroptosis. These functions of cFLIP are strictly controlled in an isoform-, concentration- and tissue-specific manner, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system plays an important role in regulating the stability of cFLIP. In this review, we summarize the current scientific findings from biochemical analyses, cell biological studies, mathematical modeling, and gene-manipulated mice models to illustrate the critical role of cFLIP as a switch to determine the destiny of cells among survival, apoptosis, and necroptosis.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.