Transmission of Smoking across Three Generations in Finland

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Salma E. T. El-Amin²  Jaana M. Kinnunen²  Hanna Ollila³  Mika Helminen²  Joana Alves¹  Pirjo Lindfors²  Arja H. Rimpelä² 

[1] National School of Public Health, Lisbon NOVA University, P-1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal;School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland;Tobacco, Gambling and Addiction Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland;

关键词: smoking;    tobacco use;    adolescents;    intergenerational transmission;    parents;    grandparents;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijerph13010074

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

The influence of parents’ smoking on children’s smoking is well known, but few studies have examined the association between grandparents’ and grandchildren’s smoking. We studied the association between paternal and maternal grandparents’ smoking and their grandchildren’s tobacco use and assessed whether parents’ smoking is a mediator in this process. Data were obtained from a national survey of 12–18-year-old Finns in 2013 (N = 3535, response rate 38%). Logistic regression and mediation analyses were used. Both boys and girls had higher odds for smoking experimentation, daily smoking and other tobacco or tobacco-like product use if their mother, father or any of the four grandparents were current or former smokers. When parents’ and grandparents’ smoking status were included in the same model, grandparents’ smoking generally lost statistical significance. In the mediation analysis, 73% of the total effect of grandparents’ smoking on grandchildren’s daily smoking was mediated through parents’ smoking, 64% on smoking experimentation and 63% on other tobacco or tobacco-like product use. The indirect effect of a mother’s smoking was higher than that of a father’s. To conclude, paternal and maternal grandparents’ smoking increases grandchildren’s tobacco use. The influence is mainly, but not completely, mediated through parents’ smoking.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.