The Importance of Thrombin in Cerebral Injury and Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Harald Krenzlin¹  Viola Lorenz¹  Sven Danckwardt²  Oliver Kempski¹  Beat Alessandri¹ 

[1]Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, University Medicine Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz 55101, Germany

[2]German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), University Medicine Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz 55101, Germany

关键词: thrombin;    prothrombin;    cerebral thrombin system;    Parkinson’s disease;    Alzheimer’s disease;    multiple sclerosis;    stroke;    intracerebral haemorrhage;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms17010084

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

There is increasing evidence that prothrombin and its active derivative thrombin are expressed locally in the central nervous system. So far, little is known about the physiological and pathophysiological functions exerted by thrombin in the human brain. Extra-hepatic prothrombin expression has been identified in neuronal cells and astrocytes via mRNA measurement. The actual amount of brain derived prothrombin is expected to be 1% or less compared to that in the liver. The role in brain injury depends upon its concentration, as higher amounts cause neuroinflammation and apoptosis, while lower concentrations might even be cytoprotective. Its involvement in numerous diseases like Alzheimer’s, multiple sclerosis, cerebral ischemia and haemorrhage is becoming increasingly clear. This review focuses on elucidation of the cerebral thrombin expression, local generation and its role in injury and disease of the central nervous system.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.