Diverse Functions of Secretory Phospholipases A2

Advances in Vascular Medicine

Nancy R.Webb¹  PreethaShridas¹ 

DOI  :  10.1155/2014/689815

学科分类：过敏症与临床免疫学

来源: Hindawi Publishing Corporation

【 摘 要 】

Phospholipase A2enzymes (PLA2s) catalyze the hydrolysis of glycerophospholipids at their sn-2 position releasing free fatty acids and lysophospholipids.Mammalian PLA2s are classified into several categories of which important groups include secreted PLA2s (sPLA2s) and cytosolic PLA2s (cPLA2s) that are calcium-dependent for their catalytic activity and calcium-independent cytosolic PLA2s (iPLA2s).Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolases (PAF-AHs), lysosomal PLA2s, and adipose-specific PLA2also belong to the class of PLA2s. Generally, cPLA2enzymes are believed to play a major role in the metabolism of arachidonic acid, the iPLA2family to membrane homeostasis and energy metabolism, and the sPLA2family to various biological processes.The focus of this review is on recent research developments in the sPLA2field. sPLA2s are secreted enzymes with low molecular weight (with the exception of GIII sPLA2), Ca2+-requiring enzymes with a His-Asp catalytic dyad. Ten enzymatically active sPLA2s and one devoid of enzymatic activity have been identified in mammals. Some of these sPLA2s are potent in arachidonic acid release from cellular phospholipids for the biosynthesis of eicosanoids, especially during inflammation. Individual sPLA2enzymes exhibit unique tissue and cellular localizations and specific enzymatic properties, suggesting their distinct biological roles. Recent studies indicate that sPLA2s are involved in diverse pathophysiological functions and for most part act nonredundantly.

【 授权许可】

Unknown