Regulation of innate immunity by extracellular nucleotides

American Journal of Blood Research

Laura Vitiello¹  Laura Pontecorvo¹  Andrea la Sala¹  Stefania Gorini¹  Lucia Gatta¹ 

关键词: Extracellular nucleotides;    P2 purinergic receptors;    extracellular ATP;    innate immunity;   

DOI  :  

学科分类：血液学

来源: e-Century Publishing Corporation

【 摘 要 】

Extracellular ATP (eATP) is the most abundant among extracellular nucleotides and is commonly considered as a classical danger signal, which stimulates immune responses in the presence of tissue injury. In fact, increased nucleotide concentration in the extracellular space is generally closely associated with tissue stress or damage. However non-lytic nucleotide release may also occur in many cell types under a variety of conditions. Extracellular nucleotides are sensed by a class of plasma membrane receptors called P2 purinergic receptors (P2Rs). P2 receptors are expressed by all immunological cells and their activation elicits different responses. Extracellular ATP can act as an initiator or terminator of immune responses being able to induce different effects on immune cells depending on the pattern of P2 receptors engaged, the duration of the stimulus and its concentration in the extracellular milieu. Millimolar (high) concentrations of extracellular ATP, induce predominantly proinflammatory effects, while micromolar (low) doses exert mainly tolerogenic/immunosuppressive action. Moreover small, but significant differences in the pattern of P2 receptor expression in mice and humans confer diverse capacities of ATP in regulating the immune response.

【 授权许可】

Unknown