The impact of residential combustion emissions on atmospheric aerosol, human health, and climate

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

A.Schmidt¹  P. M.Forster¹  M. T.Woodhouse¹  D. V.Spracklen¹  C. L.Reddington¹  H.Yang¹  P.G. van Zyl¹  N. A. D.Richards¹  J.Ramirez-Villegas¹  M.Josipovic¹  E. W.Butt¹  P.S. Praveen¹  M.Rupakheti¹  V.Vakkari¹  J.P. Beukes¹  C. E.Scott¹  E. A.Stone¹  E. J. S.Mitchell¹  A.Rap¹  K. J.Pringle¹  S. M.Sallu¹ 

DOI  :  10.5194/acp-16-873-2016

学科分类：大气科学

来源: Copernicus Publications

【 摘 要 】

Combustion of fuels in the residential sector for cooking and heatingresults in the emission of aerosol and aerosol precursors impacting airquality, human health, and climate. Residential emissions are dominated by thecombustion of solid fuels. We use a global aerosol microphysics model tosimulate the impact of residential fuel combustion on atmospheric aerosol forthe year 2000. The model underestimates black carbon (BC) and organic carbon(OC) mass concentrations observed over Asia, Eastern Europe, and Africa, withbetter prediction when carbonaceous emissions from the residential sector aredoubled. Observed seasonal variability of BC and OC concentrations are bettersimulated when residential emissions include a seasonal cycle. The largestcontributions of residential emissions to annual surface mean particulatematter (PM_2.5) concentrations are simulated for East Asia, SouthAsia, and Eastern Europe. We use a concentration response function to estimate thehuman health impact due to long-term exposure to ambient PM_2.5 fromresidential emissions. We estimate global annual excess adult (>  30 yearsof age) premature mortality (due to both cardiopulmonary disease and lungcancer) to be 308 000 (113 300–497 000, 5th to 95th percentile uncertaintyrange) for monthly varying residential emissions and 517 000(192 000–827 000) when residential carbonaceous emissions are doubled.Mortality due to residential emissions is greatest in Asia, with China andIndia accounting for 50 % of simulated global excess mortality. Using anoffline radiative transfer model we estimate that residential emissions exerta global annual mean direct radiative effect between −66 and+21 mW m⁻², with sensitivity to the residential emission flux andthe assumed ratio of BC, OC, and SO₂ emissions. Residential emissionsexert a global annual mean first aerosol indirect effect of between −52 and−16 mW m⁻², which is sensitive to the assumed size distribution ofcarbonaceous emissions. Overall, our results demonstrate that reducingresidential combustion emissions would have substantial benefits for humanhealth through reductions in ambient PM_2.5 concentrations.

【 授权许可】

Unknown