Upper Pleistocene Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810) skeleton remains from Praha-Podbaba and other lion finds from loess and river terrace sites in Central Bohemia (Czech Republic)

Bulletin of geosciences

Diedrich CG¹ 

关键词: Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss 1810);    open air sites;    Upper Pleistocene loess pits;    Central Bohemia;    bone taphonomy;    palaeobiogeography;   

DOI  :  

来源: Czech Geological Survey

【 摘 要 】

HistoricalfindsofboneremainsofPantheraleospelaea(Goldfuss)fromtheUpperPleistoceneloessopenairsiteatPraha-Podbaba(CzechRepublic)arereviewed.ThelargelycompletecraniumfromCentralBohemiaandfindsfromothersitesinCzechRepublicarealsodescribed.TheboneproportionsofthecranialandpostcranialmaterialfromPodbabaindicatethemtohavecomefromanadultmalelioncarcass.Oneforelegandlowerjawbelongedtoanadultfemaleasevidencedbytheirmuchsmallerproportions.AfewadditionalboneswerefoundatotherloesspitsaroundPrahaalongtheVltavaRiverandatopenairsitesalongtheBerounkaRiverclosetoBeroun.ByundertakingapreliminaryoverviewofthesefindsandotherbonesfromcavesitesinCentralBohemia,afirstpalaeobiogeographicaldistributionoftheseextinctcarnivorescanbepresented.Thelionremainsfromtheopenairsites,werefoundalongsidethetypicalglacialcold-periodmacrofaunaconsistingofafewMammuthusprimigenius(Blumenbach),butmainlyCoelodontaantiquitatis(Blumenbach)bones,whichwereoftenwell-chewedbyIceAgespottedhyenas.Otherfaunalremainswerefoundintheloesssites,andtheseappeared,inmostcases,tobehyenapreydepotsorscavengingsites.TheseremainsincludedBisonpriscus(Bojanus),EquusferusBoddaert[partlyEquusprzewalskii(Poljakoff)],Equushemionus(Pallas),Rangifertarandus(Linnaeus),CervuselaphusLinnaeus,Capraibex(Linnaeus)andrarelyRupricaprarupricapra(Linnaeus).ThelattertwoanimalsindicatethatanalpinefaunaexistedinCentralBohemiaduringtheearlyandmiddleUpperPleistocene.SomelionremainsandlocationsdescribedheremaybeofSaalianAge,duringwhichasimilarfaunaexisted.Theboneaccumulations,includinglionremains,areprobably,inmanycases,hyenapreydeposits.Theirpresenceincavesseemstohavebeenmainlytheresultofhyenaandlionconflicts,andlionkillswhichwereimported,oftenascompletecarcasses,intothehyenacavedenssuchastheoneatSrbskoChlum-Komín.TheircarcassesseemedtohaveveryoftenbeenimportedbyhyenasintotheirdensinloessalongtheWeichselianrivervalleys,theVltavaandBerounkaRivers.Insomecases,lionsmayhavebeenkilledattheconflictsite,andbeenscavengedthere.Theprovenminimumnumberofindividuals(MNI)lionsfortheWeichselianinCentralBohemiacanbeestimatedfromcaveandopenairsitestobeabout20comparedwithaprovablehyenaMNIofmorethantwicethisnumberatabout48individuals.

【 授权许可】

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