Ozone distributions and urban air quality during summer in Agra – a world heritage site

Developmental Biology

Krishan Kumar²  Brij B. Awasthi¹  Ajay Taneja³  Pradyumn Singh³  Renuka Saini³ 

[1] Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board, Agra, India$$;School of Environmental Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India$$;Department of Chemistry, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra, India$$

关键词: Surface ozone;    diurnal variation;    principal component analysis;    cluster analysis;    ozone transport;   

DOI  :  10.5094/APR.2014.089

学科分类：农业科学（综合）

来源: Dokuz Eylul Universitesi * Department of Environmental Engineering

【 摘 要 】

Unplanned urban and industrial growth and rise in population are the main factors that had led to air pollution problems. Surface ozone causes human health problems and environmental degradation and acts as a greenhouse gas. Surface ozone is the most significant key substance of photochemical smog. Dependence of air pollutants on meteorology is described with the objective of understanding the prevailing processes pollutants phase interaction. Rigorous measurements of gaseous materials (surface O₃, NO₂, CO, and SO₂) and particulate matter (PM_2.5) were carried out regularly during the summer season of 2012 at kerbsite of Agra to assess the characteristics of air pollutants. The air mass trajectories have been calculated using the HYSPLIT 4 and FLEXTRA model. The maximum hourly levels of these pollutants exceeded 116.5 ppb for O₃, 96.2 ppb for NO₂, 16 ppb for SO₂, 4.60 ppm for CO and 188 µg/m³ for PM_2.5. There is obvious diurnal variation in the concentration of surface ozone which clearly follows the diurnal variation of atmospheric temperature. The joint application of principal component analysis and clustering techniques to data collected has led to the recognition of inherent relationships between variables that have been associated with governing processes related to surface O₃ formation. The effect of wind on pollutants appears to be noteworthy. We also found that, the maximum average concentrations of SO₂ and O₃ occurred at humidity ≤30% pinpointing for strong vertical mixing. For CO, NO₂ and PM_2.5 the maximum average concentrations occurred at humidity below 40%.

【 授权许可】

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