Chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 in the metropolitan area of Costa Rica, Central America

Developmental Biology

Salvador Blanco Jimenez⁴  Jorge Herrera Murillo³  Darrel Gibson Baumgardner²  Jose Felix Rojas Marin³  Beatriz Cardenas Gonzalez⁴  Arturo Campos Ramos⁴  Susana Rodriguez Roman¹ 

[1] Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, Costa Rica$$;Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Distrito Federal, México$$;Laboratorio de Análisis Ambiental, Escuela Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica$$;Dirección General del Centro Nacional de Investigación y Capacitación Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Ecología, Distrito Federal, México$$

关键词: PM10;    PM2.5;    chemical composition;    Costa Rica;    source apportionment;   

DOI  :  10.5094/APR.2013.018

学科分类：农业科学（综合）

来源: Dokuz Eylul Universitesi * Department of Environmental Engineering

【 摘 要 】

PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 levels, concentrations of major ionic components, trace elements, and organic and elemental carbon were evaluated from samples collected in 4 sites (industrial, commercial and residential zones) located in the metropolitan area of Costa Rica. The annual mean PM levels were higher in high traffic–commercial (HE–01) and industrial (BE–02) sites, 55 μg m^–3 and 52 μg m^–3 for PM₁₀ and 37 μg m^–3 and 36 μg m^–3 for PM_{2 5}, respectively. The major components of PM₂₅ were organic matter (OM) and elemental carbon (EC) (44.5–69.9%), and secondary ions (16.1–27.2%), whereas the major components of PM₁₀ were OM+EC (32.7–59.4%), crustal material (23.5–35.6%) and secondary ions (11.4–26.9%). For the most of the sampling sites, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations were lower during the dry season and increased gradually in the rainy season due to wind patterns. PMF model identified 8 principle sources for PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in the industrial site (crustal, secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, secondary organic, traffic, sea–salt aerosols, industrial and oil combustion), 6 and 5 sources in commercial and residential sites, respectively. The source contributions showed a clear seasonal pattern for all the sites.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   

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