Receptor model based identification of PM2.5 sources in Canadian cities

Developmental Biology

Cheol–Heon Jeong³  Tom Dann²  David Mathieu²  Maygan L. McGuire³  Daniel Wang²  Valbona Celo²  Luyi Ding²  Ewa Dabek–Zlotorzynska²  Greg Evans³  Dennis Herod¹ 

[1] Air Emissions Priorities Division, Environment Canada, 351 St. Joseph Boulevard, Gatineau, Quebec, J8Y 3Z5, Canada$$;Analysis and Air Quality Section, Air Quality Research Division, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 335 River Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada$$;Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada$$

关键词: Source apportionment;    PMF;    PM2.5;    PSCF;    Trans–boundary pollutants;   

DOI  :  10.5094/APR.2011.021

学科分类：农业科学（综合）

来源: Dokuz Eylul Universitesi * Department of Environmental Engineering

【 摘 要 】

Source apportionment of 24–hour integrated PM_2.5 chemical speciation data, collected at five Canadian urban sites, Windsor, Toronto, Montreal, Halifax, and Edmonton was performed using the receptor model, Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). In order to determine the influences of local and regional sources, in–depth wind direction and back trajectory analyses were performed using the conditional probability function (CPF) and the potential source contribution function (PSCF). The highest PM_2.5 levels were observed in Windsor followed by Toronto and Montreal. Secondary sulfate and nitrate were the major factors contributing to the PM_2.5 mass, accounting for 41% – 61% in the five sites. These secondary factors were associated with trans–boundary emissions from Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. An elemental carbon (EC)–rich factor was identified in Windsor, Toronto, and Montreal, characterized by distinct EC and organic carbon (OC) profiles. The EC–rich factor accounted for 6% – 19% of the total PM_2.5 mass in summer and also appeared to be related to trans-boundary pollutants. The combined contributions of traffic and road dust ranged from 14% to 19%, with a portion of the nitrate factor also coming from vehicles. In Halifax, sea salt was the second strongest source, contributing 18% of the PM_2.5. In Edmonton, strong correlation of volatile organic compounds with the major PM_2.5 factors suggested that local industrial sources were significant sources of secondary aerosol. Further, biomass burning contributed 12% of the PM_2.5 mass in Edmonton.

Both local and regional sources were found to contribute at all sites. Thus, PM_2.5 can be reduced at all the sites through local controls. However given the significant contribution of trans–boundary contributions to the PM_2.5 mass, a substantial reduction of PM_2.5 in four of the cities will also require agreements to limit the production and transport of trans–boundary pollutants.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   

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