Modélisation dans les jeux et les sports

Mathématiques et sciences humaines. Mathematics and social sciences

Parlebas, Pierre¹ 

关键词: game;    modelling;    graph;    Oulipo;    universals;    paradoxical game;    sports;   

DOI  :  10.4000/msh.2968

学科分类：数学（综合）

来源: College de France * Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (E H E S S)

【 摘 要 】

The role assumed by games and sports in their respective societies, can be enlightened by the analysis of their profound structure, whose invariant aspect contrast strongly with the incredible variety of the practices they give rise to. As Oulipo has shown for writings, games and sports are shaped by their system of constraints. These constraints determine structures named “universals” which are models based on an internal logic whose significant features characterize the motor action generated during the game. A detailed presentation of the basic structure of several universals is given (networks of motor communication, structure of the score interactions, scoring system…). The analysis’ interest and difficulty comes from showing the links between the universals’ properties and the striking orientations of the cultures the different games belong to. By using specific examples such as the Olympic Games, some relations between internal logic traits and cultural characteristics are presented: increasing the value of competition, the equality of opportunity, cooperation… The aim is to see if and how some dominant social representations are underlain by motor interaction situations whose simple mathematic properties can therefore prove decisive. The role assumed by games and sports in their respective societies, can be enlightened by the analysis of their profound structure, whose invariant aspect contrast strongly with the incredible variety of the practices they give rise to. As Oulipo has shown for writings, games and sports are shaped by their system of constraints. These constraints determine structures named “universals” which are models based on an internal logic whose significant features characterize the motor action generated during the game. A detailed presentation of the basic structure of several universals is given (networks of motor communication, structure of the score interactions, scoring system…). The analysis’ interest and difficulty comes from showing the links between the universals’ properties and the striking orientations of the cultures the different games belong to. By using specific examples such as the Olympic Games, some relations between internal logic traits and cultural characteristics are presented: increasing the value of competition, the equality of opportunity, cooperation… The aim is to see if and how some dominant social representations are underlain by motor interaction situations whose simple mathematic properties can therefore prove decisive.

【 授权许可】

Unknown