Visceral leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: eco-epidemiological aspects and control

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

Marzochi, Mauro Celio de Almeida¹  Municipal Health Secretariat, Rio de Janeiro¹  Fagundes, Aline¹  Madeira, Maria de Fátima¹  Marzochi, Keyla Belizia Feldman¹  Schubach, Armando de Oliveira¹  Andrade, Moacir Vieira de¹  Mouta-Confort, Eliame¹  Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil¹  Souza, Marcos Barbosa de¹ 

关键词: Visceral leishmaniasis;    Eco-epidemiology;    Environmental factors;    Control;    Rio de Janeiro;   

DOI  :  10.1590/S0037-86822009000500017

学科分类：农业科学（综合）

来源: Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

【 摘 要 】

From 1977 (index case) to 2006, 87 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were confirmed in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in periurban areas on the continental and coastal slopes of the Pedra Branca massif and the continental slopes of the Gericinó massif. The majority (65.5%) of the patients were more than five years old, predominantly males (61.5%), but without any difference between the sexes below the age of 14 years. The overall fatality rate was 10.4%. Two cases of visceral leishmaniasis/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection were detected. Leishmania chagasi was isolated from human and canine cases. The associations between the presence of phlebotomines and human and canine migrations, disorderly occupation involving degradation of environmental preservation areas and poor socioeconomic conditions may have created a favorable setting for the establishment and propagation of the disease. Close epidemiological surveillance associated with traditional control measures and others (active case researches, land clearing and health education), reduced the incidence of human cases from 2.8 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1981 to less than 0.01 per 100,000 since 1997. The canine infection rates decreased from 4.6% in 1984 to 1.6% in 2008. Lutzomyia longipalpis was not detected in some locations where human and canine cases occurred. In the years 2007 and 2008, no new human cases were reported, but there is a persistent and worrisome residual canine seroprevalence.

【 授权许可】

Unknown