Segregation in a sexually dimorphic mammal: a mixed-effects modelling analysis of diving behaviour in southern elephant seals

Marine Ecology Progress Series

Cheryl A. Tosh¹  Joachim Pl#xf6tz¹  Horst Bornemann¹  Marth#xe1n N. Bester¹  Trevor McIntyre¹ 

关键词: Sexual segregation;    Sexual dimorphism;    Dive behaviour;    Southern elephant seals;    Linear mixed-effects models;    Mirounga leonina;   

DOI  :  10.3354/meps08680

学科分类：海洋学与技术

来源: Inter-Research

【 摘 要 】

ABSTRACT: Sexual segregation in habitat use occurs in a number of animal species, including southern elephant seals, where differences in migration localities and dive behaviour between sexes have been recorded. Due to the extreme sexual size dimorphism exhibited by southern elephant seals, it is unclear whether observed differences in dive behaviour are due to increased physiological capacity of males, compared to females, or differences in activity budgets and foraging behaviour. Here we use a mixed-effects modelling approach to investigate the effects of sex, size, age and individual variation on a number of dive parameters measured on southern elephant seals from Marion Island. Although individual variation accounted for substantial portions of total model variance for many response variables, differences in maximum and targeted dive depths were always influenced by sex, and only partly by body length. Conversely, dive durations were always influenced by body length, while sex was not identified as a significant influence. These results support hypotheses that physiological capability associated with body size is a limiting factor on dive durations. However, differences in vertical depth use appear to be the result of differences in forage selection between sexes, rather than a by-product of the size dimorphism displayed by this species. This provides further support for resource partitioning and possible avoidance of inter-sexual competition in southern elephant seals.

【 授权许可】

Unknown