期刊论文详细信息
Marine Ecology Progress Series | |
Co-occurrence and aggregation of marine birds and mammals in Monterey Bay, California, USA | |
Laird A. Henkel1  | |
关键词: Seabirds; Marine mammals; Co-occurrence; Overlap; Niche; Segregation; Aggregation; Competition; | |
DOI : 10.3354/meps08082 | |
学科分类:海洋学与技术 | |
来源: Inter-Research | |
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【 摘 要 】
ABSTRACT: Patterns of spatial and temporal co-occurrence or avoidance among different species of marine birds and mammals can provide insights into the degree to which these top predators compete for prey. I conducted at-sea surveys in nearshore waters of Monterey Bay, California, USA, and used a randomization technique to assess co-occurrence patterns of marine birds and mammals in 1 km transect segments. As expected, strongest positive associations were among members of 3 different foraging guilds: pursuit-divers, surface-feeders, and plunge-divers. Within guilds, pursuit-divers exhibited marked avoidance of one another (negative co-occurrence), although surface-feeders often co-occurred with each other. The study was conducted during 2 yr, 1999 and 2000; during 2000, when predator abundance was greater and prey abundance may have been decreased, pursuit-divers exhibited more avoidance of one another than in 1999. These data suggest that competition reduces foraging ability for pursuit-diving species, making it more profitable for them to disperse more widely, whereas surface-feeding species (primarily gulls) benefit from flock foraging under most conditions. Larger animals tended to frequently co-occur, while the smallest member of each guild tended to avoid other species, indicating competitive exclusion of smaller predators.【 授权许可】
Unknown
【 预 览 】
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RO201912010133342ZK.pdf | 216KB | ![]() |