Experimental studies in cattle with cyanogenic plants

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

Tokarnia, Carlos Hubinger³  Brust, Luis A.C.¹  Duarte, Marcos D.²  Brito, Marilene F.²  Peixoto, Paulo Vargas³ 

[1] Univ. Fed. Rural de Pernambuco;Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ);Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica

关键词: Poisonous plants;    hydrocyanic poisoning;    Piptadenia macrocarpa;    Anadenanthera macrocarpa;    Piptadenia viridiflora;    Holocalyx glaziovii;    Manihot glaziovii;    cattle.;   

DOI  :  10.1590/S0100-736X1999000200006

来源: Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal-CBPA

【 摘 要 】

.­ Tokarnia C.H., Peixoto P.V, Brito M.F., Duarte M.D. & Brust L.A.C. 1999. [Experimental studies in cattle with cyanogenic plants.] Estudos experimentais em bovinos com plantas cianogênicas. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 19(2):84-90. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23851-970, Brazil.These studies were performed in order to obtain additional data on Brazilian cyanogenic plants. Three animals, severely poisoned by Piptadenia macrocarpa (=Anadenanthera macrocarpa), recovered readily when treated intravenously with 660 mg/kg of sodium hyposulphite (sodium thiosulphate) plus 30 g dissolved in water given by stomach tube. Fresh leaves (in the sprouting phase), fed in October, were more poisonous than mature leaves fed in March. Dried leaves slowly lost their toxicity within a few months. Both the fresh and dried leaves of Piptadenia viridiflora showed similar toxic effects to P. macrocarpa. As this was also readily reversed by the administration of sodium hyposulphite in two animals, P. viridiflora can be included in the group of toxic cyanogenic plants. Four animals severely poisoned by the leaves of Holocalyx glaziovii (=Holocalyx balansae) also recovered readily after receiving sodium hyposulphite. The dried leaves of H. glaziovii also slowly lost their toxicity within a few months. Two animals severely poisoned by the leaves of Manihot glaziovii also recovered readily with sodium hyposulphite. However, dried leaves were no longer poisonous. The leaves of H. glaziovii and of M. glaziovii always gave a quick (in less than 5 minutes) positive reaction to the picrate test for cyanide. Those of P. macrocarpa and P. viridiflora reacted more slowly (after 15 and 10 to 30 minutes respectively) when in the sprouting stage, and even slower when the leaves were mature. The slower reactions seen with Piptadenia spp indicate a slower breakdown of the hidrocyanic glycosides and this also explains the longer course of poisoning seen in cattle fed these species. The dried leaves of Piptadenia spp and also of H. glaziovii gave slower reactions than the fresh leaves. These data permit the conclusion that the picrate test for cyanide is of relative value when evaluating the amount of cyanogenic glycosides in plants.INDEX

【 授权许可】

CC BY-NC