Intake and food sources of nitrites and N-nitrosodimethylamine in Spain

Public Health Nutrition

María José Tormo¹  Miren Dorronsoro¹  Aurelio Barricarte¹  Pilar Amiano¹  Guillem Pera¹  María José Sanchéz¹  Paula Jakszyn¹  José R Quirós¹  Antonio Agudo¹  Carmen Martinez¹  Carlos A González¹  Raquel Ibáñez¹  Eva Ardanaz¹  Nerea Larrañaga¹  María Dolores Chirlaque¹  Antonio Berenguer¹  Carmen Navarro¹ 

关键词: Nitrites;    Nitrosamines;    Dietary intake;    N-Nitrosodimethylamine;    Cancer risk;   

DOI  :  10.1079/PHN2005884

学科分类：卫生学

来源: Cambridge University Press

【 摘 要 】

ObjectiveTo conduct a comprehensive assessment of dietary intakes of nitrites and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA).Subjects and settingA study was conducted within the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation in Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) to assess the intake and food sources of these compounds in Spanish adults. The study included 41 446 health volunteers, aged 29–69 years, from Northern and Southern regions. Usual food intake was estimated by in-person interviews using a computerised dietary questionnaire.ResultsThe estimated geometric mean was 0.994 mg day−1 for nitrites and 0.114 μg day−1 for NDMA. For both compounds a positive trend in consumption with increasing energy intake was observed. Dietary NDMA was related to age and sex after energy adjustment, while nitrite consumption increased with higher intakes of vitamin C (P < 0.001). The food groups that contributed most to intakes were meat products, cereals, vegetables and fruits for nitrites, and processed meat, beer, cheese and broiled fish for NDMA. Current and past smokers, who had high levels of NDMA from tobacco exposure, were also identified as the highest consumers of dietary NDMA. Furthermore, smokers had low intakes of vitamin C (an inhibitor of endogenous nitrosation).ConclusionsIntake levels of NDMA and nitrites in a Mediterranean cohort are currently relatively lower than those previously reported, although processed meat, beer and cured cheese still are the most important contributors to NDMA intake.

【 授权许可】

Unknown