Invariant Image Watermarking Using Accurate Zernike Moments | Science Publications

Journal of Computer Science

Khalid M. Hosny¹  Hayam M.A. Salam¹  Mohamed A. Shouman¹  Ismail A. Ismail¹ 

关键词: Zernike moments;    polar coordinates;    invariant watermarking;    geometric attacks;   

DOI  :  10.3844/jcssp.2010.52.59

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Science Publications

【 摘 要 】

problem statement: Digital image watermarking is the most popular method for image authentication, copyright protection and content description. Zernike moments are the most widely used moments in image processing and pattern recognition. The magnitudes of Zernike moments are rotation invariant so they can be used just as a watermark signal or be further modified to carry embedded data. The computed Zernike moments in Cartesian coordinate are not accurate due to geometrical and numerical error. Approach: In this study, we employed a robust image-watermarking algorithm using accurate Zernike moments. These moments are computed in polar coordinate, where both approximation and geometric errors are removed. Accurate Zernike moments are used in image watermarking and proved to be robust against different kind of geometric attacks. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using standard images. Results: Experimental results show that, accurate Zernike moments achieve higher degree of robustness than those approximated ones against rotation, scaling, flipping, shearing and affine transformation. Conclusion: By computing accurate Zernike moments, the embedded bits watermark can be extracted at low error rate.

【 授权许可】

Unknown