Paneth cell α-defensins and enteric microbiota in health and disease

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health

Akiko TAKAKUWA¹  Kiminori NAKAMURA¹  Tokiyoshi AYABE¹  Naoya SAKURAGI¹ 

[1] Department of Cell Biological Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan

关键词: Paneth cell;    α-defensin;    intestinal microbiota;    innate immunity;    dysbiosis;    inflammatory bowel disease;    lifestyle disease;   

DOI  :  10.12938/bmfh.2015-019

学科分类：生物科学（综合）

来源: Nihon Bifizusukin Senta / Japan Bifidus Foundation

【 摘 要 】

References(115)Antimicrobial peptides are major effectors of innate immunity of multicellular organisms including humans and play a critical role in host defense, and their importance is widely recognized. The epithelium of the intestine is the largest surface area exposed to the outer environment, including pathogens, toxins and foods. The Paneth cell lineage of intestinal epithelial cells produces and secretes α-defensin antimicrobial peptides and functions in innate enteric immunity by removing pathogens and living symbiotically with commensal microbiota to contribute to intestinal homeostasis. Paneth cells secrete α-defensins, HD5 and HD6 in humans and cryptdins in mice, in response to bacterial, cholinergic and other stimuli. The α-defensins have selective activities against bacteria, eliciting potent microbicidal activities against pathogenic bacteria but minimal or no bactericidal activity against commensal bacteria. Therefore, α-defensins regulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota in vivo and play a role in homeostasis of the entire intestine. Recently, relationships between dysbiosis, or abnormal composition of the intestinal microbiota, and diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and lifestyle diseases including obesity and atherosclerosis have been reported. Because α-defensins regulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota, Paneth cells and their α-defensins may have a key role as one mechanism linking the microbiota and disease.

【 授权许可】

Unknown