N : P stoichiometry and habitat effects on Mediterranean savanna seasonal root dynamics

Biogeosciences Discussions

Morris, Kendalynn A.^1¹  Moreno, Gerardo^2^1,19  Luo, Yunpeng^1^8,84  Reichstein, Markus^1^1,18,183  Schrumpf, Marion^3^1,19,193  Nair, Richard K. F.^1^1,19,195  Migliavacca, Mirco^1^4,42,429  Hertel, Martin^1^4,47,473 

[1] Affiliate Assistant Professor, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL Adjunct Professor, Barry University School of Law, Orlando, FL. Dr. Friedman is Associate Professor of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland Staff Psychiatrist, Mason Clinic, Auckland Regional Forensic Psychiatry Services, Auckland, New Zealand the Philip Resnick Professor of Forensic Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH. Dr. Jain is a Forensic Psychiatry Research Fellow, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY. Dr. Wagoner is Assistant Professor, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL. Portions of this article were presented at the 2017 American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, May 20–24, 2017, in San Diego, CA.^2;Am Museum 1, 02826 Görlitz, Germany^84;Am Museum 1, 02826 Görlitz^82;Bayer (South East Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore^49;CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris F-75012, France^30;Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway^58;Climate Prediction Center, NOAA Center for Weather and Climate Prediction, College Park, MD 20740, USA^91;Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia^43;Department of Neurology, Jakarta, Indonesia^41;Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia^33;Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China^24;Germany^83;Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark^62;Neurology Department, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam^47;Novena Heart Centre, Singapore^45;Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia^16;Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne^12;Philippine Heart Center, Quezon City, Philippines^38;Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia^5;Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia^13;Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany^506;UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris F-75012, France^29;the Pulmonology Unit, AOU “Ospedali Riuniti”, Ancona, Italy^78;@csu.edu.cn^204;A. M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics RAS, Moscow, Russia^473;A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per. 3, 119017, Moscow, Russia^380;ACRI-ST, 260 Route du Pin Montard, 06904 Sophia-Antipolis CEDEX, France^154;ASST Lodi, UOC Pneumologia, Lodi, Italy^75;ASST Mantova, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Unità Operativa di Pneumologia e UTIR, Mantova, Italy^79;Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China^317;Advanced Study Program, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Bldg 1, Boulder, CO 80301, USA^416;Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA^305;Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA, USA^232;Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing, China^233;Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, ECNT 320, 431 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA^415;Agencia Estatal de Meteorología, Izaña Atmospheric Research Center, Tenerife, Spain^338;Air Quality Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA^265;Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Sciences, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany^507;Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany^140;Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia^51;Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research, Granada, Spain^449;Applied Physics Department, University of Granada, Spain^439;Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark^196;Asian International Rivers Center, Yunnan University, Chenggong University City, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China^551;Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305-5602, USA^95;Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA^300;Atmospheric Environment Research Division, Research Department, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Geneva, Switzerland^94;Atmospheric Research Centre, Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, China^498;Atmospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035, USA^122;Atmospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA^207;Atmospheric Science Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA^301;Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA^298;Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA^211;Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China^26;Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing, China^410;Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomie (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium^253;Biogeochemical Modelling Department, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany^559;Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany^500;Biospherical Instruments, Inc., San Diego, CA 92110-2621, USA^92;Brien Holden Vision Institute and School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia^18;Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA^135;Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, WA, Australia^56;CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China^248;CHEST, Glenview, IL^72;CMA Meteorological Observation Center, Beijing, China^188;CNRM, Météo France and CNRS, 42 Av. Gaspard Coriolis, 31057 Toulouse, France^405;CNRS/INSU, LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France^193;COSMIC Program Office, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), Boulder, Colorado, USA^354;Cambustion Ltd., Cambridge, CB1 8DH, UK^324;Cardiology Clinical Academic Group St. George's, University of London and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom^50;Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy^64;Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA^69;Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan^483;Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA^535;Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA^102;Center for Environmental Measurement and Analysis, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan^479;Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA^266;Centre de Météorologie Satellitaire, Météo France, Av. de Lorraine, 22037 Lannion, France^407;Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate (CAGE), Environment and Climate, Department of Geosciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway^552;Centre for Atmospheric and Climate Physics, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK^138;Centre for Atmospheric and Marine Sciences, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen 361024, China^289;Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, School of Science, Environment and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia^504;Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital^32;Centre for Eye Research Australia^4;Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia^52;Centre for Ice and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark^490;Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico^252;Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Hörsalsvägen 11, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden^171;Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan^36;Chang Gung University^37;Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel^527;Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305-3337, USA^311;Chemistry Department, Norco College, Norco, CA 92860, USA^482;Children's University Hospital, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland^15;Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, Beijing, China^189;Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China^148;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China^206;Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia^42;Civil and Environmental Engineering, 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Center, Norman, OK, USA^110;Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA^262;Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA^132;Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA^332;Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, 216 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA^419;Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, USA^119;Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA^310;DOE Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA^103;DOE Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA^104;DWD – Deutscher Wetterdienst, Frankfurter Straße 135, 63067 Offenbach, Germany^280;Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark^477;Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia^31;Department of Applied Physcis, University of Granada, Granada, Spain^450;Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano (CSIC), Madrid, Spain^180;Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA^329;Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA^108;Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China^426;Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany^129;Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche^77;Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA^178;Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece^177;Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State 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L'Aquila, Italy^347;Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden^503;Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK^343;Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208-177, USA^312;Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA^70;Department of Meteorology (MISU), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden^236;Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, the Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA^275;Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK^431;Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway^60;Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karis-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany^17;Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University^23;Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 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Dr. Hall is Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of Central Florida College of Medicine^1;ENAC/IIE Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland^264;ENEA, Laboratory for Observations and Analyses of Earth and Climate, Rome, 00123, Italy^447;ESA/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, the Netherlands^390;Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA^314;Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA^297;Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA^273;Earth System Science Center, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA^302;Earth System Science Department, University of California, Irvine, USA^481;Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA^260;Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA^107;Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland^533;Engineering Office, Kirschallee 1, 01833 Stolpen, Germany^86;Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada^160;Environmental Geosciences, Department Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland^529;Environmental Monitoring and Science Division, Government of Alberta, Edmonton, T5K 2M4, Alberta, Canada^245;European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK^150;European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra (Va), Italy^493;European Space Agency (ESA/ESRIN), 00044 Frascati, Italy^469;Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, GEOMAR Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany^502;Evora Geophysics Center, Rua Romao Ramalho 59, 7000, Evora, Portugal^455;Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina^323;Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Austral 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Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia^346;also at: Department of Natural Sciences, Minerva Schools at KGI, San Francisco, CA, USA^299;currently at: Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements, Building 146, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK^424;currently at: Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium^185;currently at: Spascia, Toulouse, France^409;deceased, 14 August 2014^172;deceased, April 2017^309;deceased^237;now at: AECOM, Croydon, CRO 2AP, UK^445;now at: APSA, 8800 Viborg, Denmark^197;now at: Center for Climate System Modeling, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland^137;now at: Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA^215;now at: Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA^308;now at: Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada^539;now at: Edison State Community College, Piqua, Ohio, USA^399;now at: Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Air Pollution and Chemicals Division, 3003 Berne, Switzerland^458;now at: Institute for protection of maritime infrastructures, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Bremerhaven, Germany^190;now at: Istituto Paritario Vincenzo Pallotti, Rome, 00122, Italy^446;now at: Japan Weather Association, Tokyo, Japan^209;now at: Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland^325;now at: RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan^544;now at: Service hydrographique et océanographique de la marine, 29228 Brest, France^384;now at: Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, CA 94954, USA^210;present address: Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Argonne, IL 60439, USA^330;École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland^201

DOI  :  10.5194/bg-16-1883-2019

学科分类：生物科学（综合）

来源: Copernicus Publications

【 摘 要 】

Mediterranean grasslands are highly seasonal and co-limited by water and nutrients. In such systems, little is known about root dynamics which may depend on individual plant properties and environment as well as seasonal water shortages and site fertility. Patterns of root biomass and activity are affected by the presence of scattered trees, grazing, site management, and chronic nitrogen deposition, all of which can affect nutrient ratios and potentially cause development of nitrogen : phosphorus (N : P) imbalances in ecosystem stoichiometry. In this study we combined observations from minirhizotrons with root measurements from direct soil cores and ingrowth cores, along with measures of above-ground biomass to investigate seasonal root dynamics and root : shoot ratios in a Mediterranean tree–grass “savanna”. We investigated responses to soil fertility, using nutrient manipulation ( N∕NP addition) and spatial microhabitat treatments between open-pasture and microhabitats under the tree canopy. Root dynamics over time were also compared with indices of above-ground growth drawn from proximal remote sensing. Results show distinct differences in root dynamics and biomass between treatments and microhabitats. Root biomass was higher with N additions, but did not differ from the control with NP additions in early spring. By the end of the growing season root biomass had increased with NP in open pastures but not higher than N added alone. In contrast, root length density (RLD) in pastures responded stronger to the NP than N-only addition, while beneath trees root biomass tended to be higher with only N. Even though root biomass increased, the root : shoot ratio decreased under nutrient treatments. Timing of root and shoot growth was reasonably well paired, although in autumn root growth appeared to be substantially slower than “regreening” of the system. We interpret these differences as a shift in community structure and/or root traits under changing stoichiometry induced by the fertilization. We also consider seasonal (phenology) differences in the strength and direction of effects observed.

【 授权许可】

CC BY