NO2 vertical profiles and column densities from MAX-DOAS measurements in Mexico City

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions

Rivera, Claudia^2¹  Arellano, Josué^3^1,19  Ojeda, Zuleica^3^5,53  Bezanilla, Alejandro^3^1,10,101  García-Reynoso, José Agustín^3^1,10,105  Friedrich, Martina Michaela^1^1,10,107  Grutter, Michel^3^1,19,195  Stremme, Wolfgang^3^2,21,211 

[1]Affiliate Assistant Professor, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL Adjunct Professor, Barry University School of Law, Orlando, FL. Dr. Friedman is Associate Professor of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland Staff Psychiatrist, Mason Clinic, Auckland Regional Forensic Psychiatry Services, Auckland, New Zealand the Philip Resnick Professor of Forensic Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH. Dr. Jain is a Forensic Psychiatry Research Fellow, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY. Dr. Wagoner is Assistant Professor, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL. Portions of this article were presented at the 2017 American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, May 20–24, 2017, in San Diego, CA.^2

[2]Am Museum 1, 02826 Görlitz, Germany^84

[3]Am Museum 1, 02826 Görlitz^82

[4]Bayer (South East Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore^49

[5]CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris F-75012, France^30

[6]Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway^58

[7]Climate Prediction Center, NOAA Center for Weather and Climate Prediction, College Park, MD 20740, USA^91

[8]Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia^43

[9]Department of Neurology, Jakarta, Indonesia^41

[10]Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia^33

[11]Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China^24

[12]Germany^83

[13]Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark^62

[14]Neurology Department, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam^47

[15]Novena Heart Centre, Singapore^45

[16]Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia^16

[17]Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne^12

[18]Philippine Heart Center, Quezon City, Philippines^38

[19]Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia^5

[20]Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia^13

[21]UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris F-75012, France^29

[22]the Pulmonology Unit, AOU “Ospedali Riuniti”, Ancona, Italy^78

[23]@csu.edu.cn^204

[24]ACRI-ST, 260 Route du Pin Montard, 06904 Sophia-Antipolis CEDEX, France^154

[25]ASST Lodi, UOC Pneumologia, Lodi, Italy^75

[26]ASST Mantova, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Unità Operativa di Pneumologia e UTIR, Mantova, Italy^79

[27]Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA, USA^232

[28]Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing, China^233

[29]Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany^140

[30]Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia^51

[31]Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark^196

[32]Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305-5602, USA^95

[33]Atmospheric Environment Research Division, Research Department, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Geneva, Switzerland^94

[34]Atmospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035, USA^122

[35]Atmospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA^207

[36]Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA^211

[37]Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China^26

[38]Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomie (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium^253

[39]Biospherical Instruments, Inc., San Diego, CA 92110-2621, USA^92

[40]Brien Holden Vision Institute and School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia^18

[41]Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA^135

[42]Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, WA, Australia^56

[43]CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China^248

[44]CHEST, Glenview, IL^72

[45]CMA Meteorological Observation Center, Beijing, China^188

[46]CNRS/INSU, LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France^193

[47]Cardiology Clinical Academic Group St. George's, University of London and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom^50

[48]Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy^64

[49]Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA^69

[50]Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA^102

[51]Centre for Atmospheric and Climate Physics, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK^138

[52]Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital^32

[53]Centre for Eye Research Australia^4

[54]Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia^52

[55]Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico^252

[56]Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Hörsalsvägen 11, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden^171

[57]Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan^36

[58]Chang Gung University^37

[59]Children's University Hospital, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland^15

[60]Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, Beijing, China^189

[61]Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China^148

[62]Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China^206

[63]Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia^42

[64]Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada^144

[65]Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada^219

[66]Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy^80

[67]College for Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK^224

[68]Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA^217

[69]Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, National Weather Center, Norman, OK, USA^110

[70]Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA^132

[71]Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, USA^119

[72]DOE Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA^103

[73]DOE Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA^104

[74]Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia^31

[75]Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano (CSIC), Madrid, Spain^180

[76]Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA^108

[77]Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany^129

[78]Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche^77

[79]Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA^178

[80]Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece^177

[81]Department of Chemistry, Colby College, Waterville, Maine, 04901, USA^125

[82]Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, USA^120

[83]Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA^130

[84]Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA^131

[85]Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA^212

[86]Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark^195

[87]Department of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Faculty of Physics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece^139

[88]Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA^213

[89]Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA^205

[90]Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA^214

[91]Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA^70

[92]Department of Meteorology (MISU), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden^236

[93]Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway^60

[94]Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karis-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany^17

[95]Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University^23

[96]Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Svante-Arrhenius-väg 8, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden^174

[97]Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada^220

[98]Department of Physics, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, USA^244

[99]Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A7, Ontario, Canada^239

[100]Department of Psychology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China^14

[101]Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia^6

[102]Deutscher Wetterdienst, Meteorologisches Observatorium, 82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany^100

[103]Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA^221

[104]Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA^216

[105]Division of Optometry and Visual Sciences, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, United Kingdom^7

[106]Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Riverside University Medical Center, Moreno Valley, CA, and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Hyperbaric, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA^66

[107]Dr. Cooke is Associate Professor, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL. Dr. Hall is Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of Central Florida College of Medicine^1

[108]Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA^107

[109]Engineering Office, Kirschallee 1, 01833 Stolpen, Germany^86

[110]Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada^160

[111]Environmental Monitoring and Science Division, Government of Alberta, Edmonton, T5K 2M4, Alberta, Canada^245

[112]European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK^150

[113]Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico^254

[114]Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University^40

[115]Faculty of Physics, Aerosol Physics and Environmental Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria^121

[116]Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio, Finland^142

[117]GATS Inc., 65 South Main Street #5, Driggs, ID 83442, USA^173

[118]General Clinical Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan^65

[119]Goddard Earth Science and Technology and Research, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA^105

[120]Hampton University, Center for Atmospheric Sciences, 23 Tyler Street, Hampton, VA 23669, USA^155

[121]Haute Ecole Spécialisée de Suisse occidentale HES-SO, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland^202

[122]Heart Research Institute/Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney and Department of Cardiology Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia^67

[123]ILAQH (International Laboratory of Air Quality and Health), Queensland University of Technology, George St. 2, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia^227

[124]INNOVIM, LLC,Greenbelt, MD^90

[125]INSERM, U968, Paris, F-75012, France^28

[126]Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Weßling, Germany^192

[127]Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany^115

[128]Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland^136

[129]Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00140, Finland^230

[130]Institute for Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany^181

[131]Institute for Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany^184

[132]Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),76021 Karlsruhe, Germany^93

[133]Institute for Meteorology and Climatology, University of Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany^99

[134]Institute of Atmospheric Physics, German Aerospace Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany^238

[135]Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom, and Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark^68

[136]Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom^61

[137]Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, ICE-HT, Patras, Greece^176

[138]Institute of Child Health, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom^20

[139]Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom^63

[140]Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany^141

[141]Institute of Space Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany^234

[142]Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Madrid, Spain^186

[143]Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía, 18008 Granada, Spain^164

[144]Istituto di Fisica Applicata del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFAC-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy^163

[145]Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISAC-CNR), Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy^161

[146]Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA^166

[147]Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA^218

[148]Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA^242

[149]Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Leopoldshafen, Germany^151

[150]Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China^246

[151]Korea University Medical Centre, Seoul, South Korea^34

[152]Kyoto Sangyo University, Faculty of Science, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan^169

[153]LATMOS, CNRS/UVSQ/IPSL, Quartier des Garennes, 11 Boulevard d'Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France^153

[154]LATMOS/IPSL, UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Guyancourt, France^241

[155]LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France^143

[156]Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics, University of Rostock, Kühlungsborn, Germany^235

[157]Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany^145

[158]Lung Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy^76

[159]Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany^179

[160]Measurement and Analysis Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, M3H 5T4, Ontario, Canada^240

[161]Met Office, Exeter, UK^116

[162]MeteoSwiss, Locarno, Switzerland^198

[163]Meteorological Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany^182

[164]Meteorological Service of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain^199

[165]Mount Elizabeth Novena Specialist Centre^46

[166]NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA^101

[167]NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA^106

[168]NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, VA 23681, USA^156

[169]NASA Langley Research Centre, Hampton, VA 23666, USA^223

[170]NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Sciences Division, Greenbelt, MD 20771-0001, USA^88

[171]NCAR, Boulder, Colorado, USA^194

[172]NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA^134

[173]NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA^133

[174]NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder 80305, USA^118

[175]NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA^175

[176]NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, USA^98

[177]NOAA/OAR National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, OK, USA^111

[178]Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China^147

[179]National Center for Atmospheric Research, Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-3000, USA^157

[180]National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA^117

[181]National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK^113

[182]National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States^21

[183]National Institute for Environmental Studies, Center for Global Environmental Research, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan^159

[184]National Institute of Amazonia Research and Amazonas State University, Manaus, Amazonas, 69060-001, Brazil^127

[185]National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka^53

[186]National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 20 THz Research Center, 4-2-1 Nukui-kita, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan^170

[187]National Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing, China^149

[188]National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan^35

[189]National University of Malaysia Medical Centre^44

[190]Naval Research Laboratory, Remote Sensing Division, 4555 Overlook Avenue Southwest, Washington, DC 20375, USA^167

[191]NorthWest Research Associates, Socorro, New Mexico, USA^243

[192]Observation Based Research, Met Office, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK^225

[193]Particle Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany^114

[194]PathWest Laboratory Medicine of West Australia, Perth, WA, Australia^54

[195]Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus Department, Singapore National Eye Centre (SNEC), Singapore^8

[196]Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Department, KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKH), Singapore^9

[197]Pham Ngoc Thach Medical University^48

[198]Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris and Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Versailles, France^27

[199]Remote Sensing Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5351,USA^97

[200]Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy^74

[201]Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, 1180, Belgium^87

[202]Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium^183

[203]Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology (LfULG), Halsbrücker Straße 31a, 09599 Freiberg, Germany^85

[204]School of Art and Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China^11

[205]School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia^229

[206]School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK^226

[207]School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK^112

[208]School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA^126

[209]School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia^228

[210]School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China^203

[211]School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia^3

[212]School of Population and Global Health and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, WA, Australia^55

[213]School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia^57

[214]School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia^59

[215]School of Technology, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Amazonas, 69065-020, Brazil^128

[216]Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China^247

[217]Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA^222

[218]Science and Technology Corporation (STC), Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA^208

[219]Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz^81

[220]Senseair AB, Delsbo, Sweden^146

[221]Serco SpA, Via Sciadonna, 24–26, 00044 Frascati, Italy^162

[222]State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China^249

[223]State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China^10

[224]Stroke Excellence Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand^39

[225]Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom^71

[226]TNO, Netherlands Institute for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands^187

[227]Table Mountain Facility, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Wrightwood, CA 92397-0367, USA^96

[228]The Fredy & Nadine Hermann Institute of Earth Studies, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel^109

[229]The Vitreous, Retina, Macula Consultants of New York and the LuEsther T. Mertz Retina Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York, New York, United States^22

[230]Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan^19

[231]Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD^73

[232]Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626, Villeurbanne, France^231

[233]Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France^123

[234]Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LiPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France^124

[235]Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya UPC, Terrassa, Spain^200

[236]Universities Space Research Association, Goddard Earth Science, Technology and Research, NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771-0001, USA^89

[237]University of Bremen, Institute of Environmental Physics, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28334 Bremen, Germany^168

[238]University of Colorado, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Boulder, CO 80309-0311, USA^158

[239]University of Oxford, Atmospheric Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK^165

[240]University of Toronto, Department of Physics, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada^152

[241]Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6016, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Clermont-Ferrand, France^250

[242]Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie d'Allier, Montluçon, France^251

[243]Université Versailles St-Quentin, LATMOS-IPSL, Guyancourt, France^191

[244]Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen, Fujian, China^25

[245]currently at: Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium^185

[246]deceased, 14 August 2014^172

[247]deceased^237

[248]now at: APSA, 8800 Viborg, Denmark^197

[249]now at: Center for Climate System Modeling, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland^137

[250]now at: Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA^215

[251]now at: Institute for protection of maritime infrastructures, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Bremerhaven, Germany^190

[252]now at: Japan Weather Association, Tokyo, Japan^209

[253]now at: Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, CA 94954, USA^210

[254]École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland^201

DOI  :  10.5194/amt-12-2545-2019

学科分类：大气科学

来源: Copernicus Publications

【 摘 要 】

We present a new numerical code, Mexican MAX-DOAS Fit (MMF), developed to retrieve profiles of different trace gases from the network of MAX-DOAS instruments operated in Mexico City. MMF uses differential slant column densities (dSCDs) retrieved with the QDOAS ( Danckaert et al. , 2013 ) software. The retrieval is comprised of two steps, an aerosol retrieval and a trace gas retrieval that uses the retrieved aerosol profile in the forward model for the trace gas. For forward model simulations, VLIDORT is used (e.g., Spurr et al. , 2001 ; Spurr , 2006 , 2013 ) . Both steps use constrained least-square fitting, but the aerosol retrieval uses Tikhonov regularization and the trace gas retrieval optimal estimation. Aerosol optical depth and scattering properties from the AERONET database, averaged ceilometer data, WRF-Chem model data, and temperature and pressure sounding data are used for different steps in the retrieval chain. The MMF code was applied to retrieve NO₂ profiles with 2 degrees of freedom (DOF = 2) from spectra of the MAX-DOAS instrument located at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) campus. We describe the full error analysis of the retrievals and include a sensitivity exercise to quantify the contribution of the uncertainties in the aerosol extinction profiles to the total error. A data set comprised of measurements from January 2015 to July 2016 was processed and the results compared to independent surface measurements. We concentrate on the analysis of four single days and additionally present diurnal and annual variabilities from averaging the 1.5 years of data. The total error, depending on the exact counting, is 14 %–20 % and this work provides new and relevant information about NO₂ in the boundary layer of Mexico City.

【 授权许可】

CC BY