Rapid sample delivery for megahertz serial crystallography at X-ray FELs

IUCrJ

Roth, N.¹  Wiedorn, M.O.²  Chen, J.³  Awel, S.⁴  Cruz-Mazo, F.⁵  Fleckenstein, H.⁶  Ayyer, K.⁷  Beyerlein, K.R.⁸  Bean, R.⁹  Gevorkov, Y.^1,10  Coe, J.^1,11  Morgan, A.J.^1,12  Adriano, L.^1,13 

[1] Arizona State University, 550 E. Tyler Drive, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany;Department of Physics, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, NJ 07102, USA;Department of Physics, Universitt Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany;Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany;European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany;Institute of Vision Systems, Hamburg University of Technology, Harburger Schlossstrasse 20, 21079 Hamburg, Germany;LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA;Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, 82152 Martinsried, Germany;Photon Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany;Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA;The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universitt Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany;Universidad de Sevilla, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Fluid Mechanics, Camino de los Descubriemientos s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain

关键词: X-RAY FREE-ELECTRON LASERS;    FELS;    X-RAY FEL PULSE TRAINS;    MEGAHERTZ REPETITION RATES;   

DOI  :  10.1107/S2052252518008369

学科分类：数学（综合）

来源: International Union of Crystallography

【 摘 要 】

Liquid microjets are a common means of delivering protein crystals to the focus of X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) for serial femtosecond crystallography measurements. The high X-ray intensity in the focus initiates an explosion of the microjet and sample. With the advent of X-ray FELs with megahertz rates, the typical velocities of these jets must be increased significantly in order to replenish the damaged material in time for the subsequent measurement with the next X-ray pulse. This work reports the results of a megahertz serial diffraction experiment at the FLASH FEL facility using 4.3 nm radiation. The operation of gas-dynamic nozzles that produce liquid microjets with velocities greater than 80 m s−1 was demonstrated. Furthermore, this article provides optical images of X-ray-induced explosions together with Bragg diffraction from protein microcrystals exposed to trains of X-ray pulses repeating at rates of up to 4.5 MHz. The results indicate the feasibility for megahertz serial crystallography measurements with hard X-rays and give guidance for the design of such experiments.

【 授权许可】

CC BY