Understanding differential patterns in coral reef recovery: chronic hydrodynamic disturbance as a limiting mechanism for coral colonization

Marine ecology progress series

Amit Malhotra^1,4¹  James L. Hench^2²  Sean P. Griffin^3³  T. Shay Viehman^1,2⁴  Katharine Egan^1,4⁵ 

[1] JHT Inc., 2710 Discovery Drive #600, Orlando, Florida 32826, USA^4;Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA^2;National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Restoration Center, 260 Guard Road, Aguadilla, Puerto Rico 00605, USA^3;National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA^1;Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA^5

关键词: Coral recruitment;    Coral reefs;    Disturbance recovery;    Rubble mobilization;    Waves;    Ship groundings;    Puerto Rico;   

DOI  :  10.3354/meps12714

学科分类：海洋学与技术

来源: Inter-Research

【 摘 要 】

Coral reefs are subject to numerous physical disturbances, and post-disturbance coral recovery potential depends on subsequent re-colonization of impacted habitat. We examined divergent recovery trajectories at 2 proximal reefs disturbed by ship groundings that resulted in clearly delineated areas of altered substrate. Post-disturbance measurements of coral recruitment, survival, and changes in community structure were made approximately annually from 2009-2013 in undisturbed reference areas as well as disturbed pavement and rubble areas. Despite similar initial physical disturbances, there were marked differences between sites, with higher coral recruitment and survival on disturbed pavement than rubble bottom, reference reef, or restoration structures. Subsequent episodic disturbances from rubble mobilization could be a mechanism driving the divergent recovery patterns. To estimate whether local hydrodynamic conditions were sufficient to mobilize rubble, we used a combination of long-term monitoring, hydrodynamic modeling, and rubble transport mechanics to hindcast the potential for substrate mobility. Long-term model simulations of hydrodynamic forcing at the study sites showed multiple events where bottom-orbital velocities exceeded thresholds required to mobilize rubble via sliding or overturning. Our analyses indicate that wave energy mobilizes rubble substrate multiple times annually and suggests a physical limitation on survival of coral recruits relative to those on pavement substrate. Continued mobilizations may establish a positive feedback loop in which continued rubble clast mobilizations cause additional mechanical erosion or breakage and a shift to smaller rubble sizes that would subsequently mobilize at a lower level of hydrodynamic forcing and thus become subject to more frequent and sustained disturbances. The combination of multiple hydrodynamic disturbances and unstable substrate limits coral recovery and thus contributes to prolonged habitat loss.

【 授权许可】

Unknown