Risk of lethal vessel strikes to humpback and fin whales off the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada

Endangered species research

Patrick O’Hara^2,3¹  Brianna M. Wright^1²  Linda M. Nichol^1³ 

[1] Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3N5, Canada^3;Institute of Ocean Sciences, Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 4B2, Canada^2;Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9T 6N7, Canada^1

关键词: Vessel strike;    Ship speed;    Lethal injury;    Humpback whale;    Fin whale;    Generalized additive model;    Distance sampling;    Spatial distribution;    Spatial density model;   

DOI  :  10.3354/esr00813

学科分类：动物科学

来源: Inter-Research

【 摘 要 】

Vessel strikes are a source of mortality and injury for baleen whales, which can have population-level impacts. Spatial analysis of whale and marine traffic distributions provides a valuable approach for identifying zones with high collision risk. We conducted 34 systematic aerial surveys to estimate humpback Megaptera novaeangliae and fin whale Balaenoptera physalus densities off the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada, including approaches to major shipping lanes in Juan de Fuca Strait, a gateway to the ports of southern British Columbia and Washington State. To predict whale densities, we fit negative binomial generalized additive models (GAMs) to sightings data, incorporating survey effort as an offset, and depth, slope, and latitude as environmental covariates. Humpbacks were primarily observed on the continental shelf, with highest predicted densities along the shelf edge (~200 m isobath), whereas fin whales were primarily distributed west of the shelf break (>450 m depth). We combined GAM-predicted whale densities with vessel traffic data to estimate the relative risk of ship strikes. Since vessel speed is an important determinant of lethality, we also calculated the relative risk of lethal injuries, given the probability that a collision occurs. Humpbacks were most likely to be struck along the shelf edge, the inshore approaches to Juan de Fuca Strait, and within the strait itself. Fin whales were most likely to be struck in the offshore approaches to Juan de Fuca and inside the western portion of the strait. Our study is the first to assess ship strike risk in this region of high whale density and marine traffic use.

【 授权许可】

Unknown