Descriptive epidemiology of cholera outbreak in Nigeria, January–November, 2018: implications for the global roadmap strategy

BMC Public Health

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[1] 0000 0001 2218 219X, grid.413068.8, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria;0000000121901201, grid.83440.3b, University College London, London, UK;Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria;Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria;0000 0001 2218 219X, grid.413068.8, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria;World Health Organization/ Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of Congo;eHealth Africa, Abuja, Nigeria;grid.475668.e, World Health Organization/ Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria;

关键词: Cholera;    Outbreak;    Attack rate;    Case fatality rate;    Global roadmap;    Nigeria;    Multi-sectoral;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12889-019-7559-6

来源: publisher

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe cholera outbreak in 2018 in Nigeria reaffirms its public health threat to the country. Evidence on the current epidemiology of cholera required for the design and implementation of appropriate interventions towards attaining the global roadmap strategic goals for cholera elimination however seems lacking. Thus, this study aimed at addressing this gap by describing the epidemiology of the 2018 cholera outbreak in Nigeria.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of surveillance data collected between January 1st and November 19th, 2018. A cholera case was defined as an individual aged 2 years or older presenting with acute watery diarrhoea and severe dehydration or dying from acute watery diarrhoea. Descriptive analyses were performed and presented with respect to person, time and place using appropriate statistics.ResultsThere were 43,996 cholera cases and 836 cholera deaths across 20 states in Nigeria during the outbreak period, with an attack rate (AR) of 127.43/100,000 population and a case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.90%. Individuals aged 15 years or older (47.76%) were the most affected age group, but the proportion of affected males and females was about the same (49.00 and 51.00% respectively). The outbreak was characterised by four distinct epidemic waves, with higher number of deaths recorded in the third and fourth waves. States from the north-west and north-east regions of the country recorded the highest ARs while those from the north-central recorded the highest CFRs.ConclusionThe severity and wide-geographical distribution of cholera cases and deaths during the 2018 outbreak are indicative of an elevated burden, which was more notable in the northern region of the country. Overall, the findings reaffirm the strategic role of a multi-sectoral approach in the design and implementation of public health interventions aimed at preventing and controlling cholera in Nigeria.

【 授权许可】

CC BY