Gene and environmental interactions according to the components of lifestyle modifications in hypertension guidelines

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine

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[1] 0000 0001 2168 5385, grid.272242.3, Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan;0000 0001 2193 314X, grid.8756.c, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK;0000 0001 2369 4728, grid.20515.33, Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan;0000 0004 0378 8307, grid.410796.d, Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1, Fujishiro-dai, 565-8565, Suita, Osaka, Japan;0000 0001 2193 314X, grid.8756.c, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK;0000 0004 0378 8307, grid.410796.d, Division of Hypertension and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan;

关键词: Gene and environmental interaction;    Hypertension;    Lifestyle;    Epidemiology;    Hypertension guideline;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12199-019-0771-2

来源: publisher

【 摘 要 】

Risk factors for hypertension consist of lifestyle and genetic factors. Family history and twin studies have yielded heritability estimates of BP in the range of 34–67%. The most recent paper of BP GWAS has explained about 20% of the population variation of BP. An overestimation of heritability may have occurred in twin studies due to violations of shared environment assumptions, poor phenotyping practices in control cohorts, failure to account for epistasis, gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, and other non-genetic sources of phenotype modulation that are suspected to lead to underestimations of heritability in GWAS. The recommendations of hypertension guidelines in major countries consist of the following elements: weight reduction, a healthy diet, dietary sodium reduction, increasing physical activity, quitting smoking, and moderate alcohol consumption. The hypertension guidelines are mostly the same for each country or region, beyond race and culture. In this review, we summarize gene-environmental interactions associated with hypertension by describing lifestyle modifications according to the hypertension guidelines. In the era of precision medicine, clinicians who are responsible for hypertension management should consider the gene-environment interactions along with the appropriate lifestyle components toward the prevention and treatment of hypertension. We briefly reviewed the interaction of genetic and environmental factors along the constituent elements of hypertension guidelines, but a sufficient amount of evidence has not yet accumulated, and the results of genetic factors often differed in each study.

【 授权许可】

CC BY