Involvement of Calcium, Reactive Oxygen Species, and ATP in Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Damage in Red Blood Cells

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry

关键词: Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+);    RBCs;    Eryptosis;   

DOI  :  10.1159/000366378

学科分类：分子生物学，细胞生物学和基因

来源: S Karger AG

【 摘 要 】

Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of Cr⁶⁺-induced red blood cells (RBCs) damage. Methods The effect of Cr⁶⁺ exposure on RBCs was evaluated by hemolytic rate and blood gas assays. After exposure to 20 μM Cr⁶⁺, the percentage of phosphatidylserine (PS)-exposing cells, intracellular Ca²⁺, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ATP levels were evaluated, and cell morphology was observed. RBCs were exposed to Cr⁶⁺ in different Ringer solutions to investigate the role of changes of Ca²⁺, ROS, and ATP levels in eryptosis and morphology. Results The Cr⁶⁺-induced damage of RBCs was dose-dependent. After a 6 h incubation with Cr⁶⁺, RBCs exhibited significant Ca²⁺ influx, ROS increase, ATP depletion, and PS exposure, but displayed no obvious change in morphology at this time point. After 24 h Cr⁶⁺ exposure, the RBCs decreased in size, appeared to be spike-like, and had decreased forward scatter. Inhibition of Ca²⁺ influx attenuated PS-exposure caused by 6 h Cr⁶⁺ exposure, but did not prevent 24 h Cr⁶⁺ exposure-induced morphological change in RBCs. Inhibition of rapid ATP consumption using adenine significantly ameliorated Cr⁶⁺-caused PS-exposure at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, and prevented 24 h Cr⁶⁺ incubation-induced morphological change in RBCs. Conclusion Cr⁶⁺ can lead to eryptosis. Ca²⁺ influx, increased ROS levels, and rapid ATP consumption are closely related to Cr⁶⁺-induced RBCs damage. Ca²⁺ influx plays an extremely important role in Cr⁶⁺-mediated toxicity.

【 授权许可】

CC BY-NC-ND