Assessment of biologically active GAC and complementary technologies for gray water treatment

Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination

Page, Martin¹  Rivera, Melixa²  Jurevis, John³  Hernandez, Margaret³  Nelson, Andrew³  Chappell, Mark³  Ward, Laura³  Dusenbury, James³ 

[1] Army College Qualified Leaders Program, Adelphi, MD, USA;Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA;U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 9005, Champaign, IL 61826, USA

关键词: biofiltration;    gray water;    water reclamation;    water reuse;   

DOI  :  10.2166/wrd.2015.088

学科分类：工程和技术（综合）

来源: IWA Publishing

【 摘 要 】

The reuse of gray water for applications ranging from irrigation to showering is a viable means to reduce net water demand when water supplies are stressed. The objective of this study was to investigate the treatment of gray water using biologically active granular-activated carbon (GAC) and complementary technologies. Technologies were challenged individually or in combination using a synthetic gray water formulation based on NSF/ANSI Standard 350. Specific technologies included: GAC; biologically active GAC (BAC); a newly developed intermittently operated BAC (IOBAC) process; ion exchange (IX); coagulation with a cationic polymer; microfiltration; ultrafiltration (UF); and multi-barrier combinations thereof. For control of organic contaminants such as surfactants, BAC and IOBAC performed well over test periods as long as 6 months. Combinations of IOBAC treatment with coagulation pretreatment and UF post-treatment resulted in sustained chemical oxidant demand and turbidity value reductions in excess of 90 and 99.5%, respectively. Such an approach would be useful for gray water treatment for low tier applications like irrigation or toilet flushing, or as a pretreatment system upstream of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes and/or advanced oxidation processes for high tier reuse applications such as showering.

【 授权许可】

CC BY-NC-ND