Water-reuse risk assessment program (WRAP): a refinery case study

Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination

Kristensen, Gert Holm¹  Ducheyne, Alain Andre Maria²  Andersen, Martin²  Sari, Maria Dian Kurnia³  Lee, Wan Aik³ 

[1] Environment (S) Pte Ltd, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, #03-05, 637141, Singapore;DHI Hørsholm, Agern Allé 5 DK-2970, Hørsholm, Denmark;DHI Water &

关键词: HACCP;    quality control;    refinery;    risk assessment;    water reuse;    WRAP;   

DOI  :  10.2166/wrd.2016.175

学科分类：工程和技术（综合）

来源: IWA Publishing

【 摘 要 】

The key approach to manage and prevent potential hazards arising from specific contaminants in water networks is to consider water as the main product delivered. This new concept, addressed as water-reuse risk assessment program (WRAP), has been further developed from hazard analysis of critical control points (HACCP) to illustrate the potential hazards which are the roots of hindering intra-facility water reuse strategies. For industrial sectors applying water reclamation and reuse schemes, it is paramount that the reclaimed water quality stays within the desired quality. The objective of WRAP is to establish a new methodology and knowledge, which will contribute to the sustainable development of industrial water management, and demonstrate its capabilities in identifying and addressing any potential hazards in the selected schemes adoption by the industries. A ‘what-if’ scenario was simulated using a refinery as a case study to show strategies on how to benefit reclaimed or reuse water based on reliable, applied and scientific research within the process integration area. In conclusion, the WRAP model will facilitate operators, consultants and decision makers to reuse water on a fit-for-use basis whilst avoiding contaminant accumulation in the overall system and production of sub-quality products from inadequate processes after several reuses.

【 授权许可】

CC BY-NC-ND