Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae Invasive Isolates Collected at the Italian Hospital of Desio, Lombardy, from 2008 to 2016

Frontiers in Public Health

Jari Intra¹ 

关键词: pneumonia;    meningitis;    sepsis;    pneumococcal vaccine;    antibiotic;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpubh.2017.00169

学科分类：卫生学

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

The encapsulated Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogen that causes pneumonia, meningitis, and acute otitis media in children, elderly people, and immunocompromised population, with high morbidity and mortality (1). In many developed countries, pneumococcal infections interest an increasing number of patients affected by chronic disease, such as diabetes, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, chronic renal failure, and sickle-cell disease (1). Approximately 30% of adult pneumonia cases are caused by S. pneumoniae with a mortality rate between 11 and 40%, and 70–100 million of children aged under 5 years die for pneumococcal disease annually (2). For this reason, over the past 30 years, many efforts have been made to reduce the rate of pneumococcal infection by vaccination. Three multivalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have been developed to reduce the disease caused by specific pneumococcal serotypes in numerous countries (3–5). The first 7-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (PCV7) developed in 2000 contains capsular polysaccharides from seven serotypes (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F) and it significantly reduced the rate of infections in children under 2 years (1). The second and third conjugate vaccines 10-valent (PCV10) and 13-valent (PCV13) were developed in 2009 and in 2010, respectively. They contain the seven serotypes of PCV7 (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F) and three serotypes (1, 5, and 7F) for PCV10, five serotypes (1, 3, 5, 7F, and 19A) and 6A for PCV13. Protective benefit against pneumococcal infection was increased (1, 6). The polysaccharide non-conjugate vaccine PPV23, developed in 1983, contains purified capsular polysaccharides from 23 serotypes (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 8, 9N, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 17F, 18C, 19A, 19F, 20, 22F, 23F, and 33F), and it is recommended for adults aged 65 years and older. However, it is not used for children younger than 2 years old (1). In Italy, PCV7 was used until 2010, and then it was substituted by PCV13. PCV vaccination is offered to all infants younger than 3 years, while no specific suggestion has been given to adults.

【 授权许可】

CC BY