Checkmate to deliberate practice: the case of Magnus Carlsen

Frontiers in Psychology

Fern¹ 

关键词: chess;    deliberate practice;    expertise;    superior performance;    talent;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00878

学科分类：心理学（综合）

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

The role of practice in the acquisition of expertise has been a key research question at least since Bryan and Harter's (1899) study on expertise in Morse telegraphy, which proposed that it takes 10 years to become an expert. The framework of deliberate practice (Ericsson et al., 1993) has taken an extreme position by denying the role of talent in most domains and stating that superior performance is an increasing monotonic function of deliberate practice—the more goal-oriented practice, the higher the level of skill. For example, Ericsson et al. (1993) argue that “individual differences in ultimate performance can largely be accounted for by differential amounts of past and current levels of practice” (p. 392). The deliberate practice framework has captured the imagination of the popular press, as can be seen by the publication of several pop-science books such as Talent is Overrated (Colvin, 2008), Outliers (Gladwell, 2008) and Bounce (Syed, 2011).

【 授权许可】

CC BY