Agricultural Policies Exacerbate Honeybee Pollination Service Supply-Demand Mismatches Across Europe

PLoS One

David Kleijn¹  Jeroen Scheper¹  Tom D. Breeze²  Andrea Holzschuh³  Nicos Seraphides⁴  Marco Moretti⁵  Jane C. Stout⁶  Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter⁶  Theodora Petanidou⁷  Lajos Kozák⁸  Bernard E. Vaissière⁹  Martin Zobel^1,10  Simon G. Potts^1,10  Jacobus C. Biesmeijer^1,11  Steen Gyldenkærne^1,12  Riccardo Bommarco^1,13  Meelis Pärtel^1,14 

[1] Animal Ecology Team, Alterra, Wageningen, The Netherlands;Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom;Community Ecology Research Unit Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland;Cyprus Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus;Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Institution for Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark;Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany;Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece;Department of Nature Conservation, Zoology and Game Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary;Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Avignon, France;Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia;Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg, The Netherlands;Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands;Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden;Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland

关键词: Honey bees;    Crops;    Pollination;    Insects;    Europe;    Biofuels;    European Union;    Rapeseed;   

DOI  :  10.1371/journal.pone.0082996

学科分类：医学（综合）

来源: Public Library of Science

【 摘 要 】

Declines in insect pollinators across Europe have raised concerns about the supply of pollination services to agriculture. Simultaneously, EU agricultural and biofuel policies have encouraged substantial growth in the cultivated area of insect pollinated crops across the continent. Using data from 41 European countries, this study demonstrates that the recommended number of honeybees required to provide crop pollination across Europe has risen 4.9 times as fast as honeybee stocks between 2005 and 2010. Consequently, honeybee stocks were insufficient to supply >90% of demands in 22 countries studied. These findings raise concerns about the capacity of many countries to cope with major losses of wild pollinators and highlight numerous critical gaps in current understanding of pollination service supplies and demands, pointing to a pressing need for further research into this issue.

【 授权许可】

CC BY