New approach for vitamin E extraction in rainbow trout flesh: Application in fish fed commercial and red seaweed-supplemented diets

卷:117

Araujo, Mariana ; Alves, Rita C. ; Pimentel, Filipa B. ; Costa, Anabela S. G. ; Fernandes, Telmo J. R. ; Valente, Luisa M. P. ; Rema, Paulo ; Oliveira, M. Beatriz P. P.

关键词: Extraction method;    Feed;    Gracilaria vermiculophylla;    Rainbow trout flesh;    Vitamin E;   

DOI  :  10.1002/ejlt.201400656

学科分类：食品科学和技术

【 摘 要 】

A vitamin E extraction method for rainbow trout flesh was optimized, validated, and applied in fish fed commercial and Gracilaria vermiculophylla-supplemented diets. Five extraction methods were compared. Vitamers were analyzed by HPLC/DAD/fluorescence. A solid-liquid extraction with n-hexane, which showed the best performance, was optimized and validated. Among the eight vitamers, only - and -tocopherol were detected in muscle samples. The final method showed good linearity (>0.999), intra- (<3.1%) and inter-day precision (<2.6%), and recoveries (>96%). Detection and quantification limits were 39.9 and 121.0ng/g of muscle, for -tocopherol, and 111.4ng/g and 337.6ng/g, for -tocopherol, respectively. Compared to the control group, the dietary inclusion of 5% G. vermiculophylla resulted in a slight reduction of lipids in muscle and, consequently, of - and -tocopherol. Nevertheless, vitamin E profile in lipids was maintained. In general, the results may be explained by the lower vitamin E level in seaweed-containing diet. Practical Applications: Based on the validation results and the low solvent consumption, the developed method can be used to analyze vitamin E in rainbow trout. The results of this work are also a valuable information source for fish feed industries and aquaculture producers, which can focus on improving seaweed inclusion in feeds as a source of vitamin E in fish muscle and, therefore, take full advantage of all bioactive components with an important role in fish health and flesh quality. Muscle samples from rainbow trout fed a commercial diets were used to select, optimize, and validate an extraction method for vitamin E. The final method was used to extract and -tocopherol in muscle from rainbow trout fed a control (CTRL) and a seaweed-supplemented diet (GRA).