Comparison of plasma alkylresorcinols (AR) and urinary AR metabolites as biomarkers of compliance in a short-term, whole-grain intervention study

卷:55

McKeown, Nicola M. ; Marklund, Matti ; Ma, Jiantao ; Ross, Alastair B. ; Lichtenstein, Alice H. ; Livingston, Kara A. ; Jacques, Paul F. ; Rasmussen, Helen M. ; Blumberg, Jeffrey B. ; Chen, C-Y. Oliver

Tufts Univ

关键词: Alkylresorcinols;    Biomarkers;    Whole grain;    Whole wheat;   

DOI  :  10.1007/s00394-015-0936-8

学科分类：食品科学和技术

【 摘 要 】

Alkylresorcinols (AR) are phenolic lipids present in the bran of wheat and rye. Plasma AR and their urinary metabolites may be suitable biomarkers of whole-grain (WG) wheat and rye consumption. The objective of this study was to examine plasma AR and urinary AR metabolites in response to WG wheat consumption. In a randomized crossover study, 19 subjects (10 males, 9 females; BMI 22.0 kg/m(2); age 26 years) incorporated either 3 servings (48 g) or 6 servings (96 g) of WG wheat daily into their regular diet for 1 week. Subjects completed a 2-week washout period, abstaining from all WG consumption, before each intervention. Fasting blood and 24-h urine were collected before and after each intervention. Plasma AR homologues (C19:0, C21:0, C23:0) were quantified by GC-MS after diethyl ether and solid phase extraction and derivatization. Urinary AR metabolites [3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid] were determined using HPLC with electrochemical detection after enzymatic deconjugation and ethyl acetate extraction. Urinary total AR metabolites were significantly higher after 6 compared with 3 servings of WG wheat (56 vs. 32 mu mol/day, P < 0.001). This dose-response relationship was independent of age, sex, energy intake, and baseline urinary AR metabolite concentration. Plasma total AR tended to be higher after 6 compared with 3 servings of WG wheat (103.0 vs. 86.9 nmol/L), but this difference was not significant (P = 0.42). The results suggest that urinary AR metabolites from 24-h urine collections may be useful as biomarkers of compliance in intervention studies of WG wheat.