A polyphenol-rich fraction obtained from table grapes decreases adiposity, insulin resistance and markers of inflammation and impacts gut microbiota in high-fat-fed mice

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Collins, Brian ; Hoffman, Jessie ; Martinez, Kristina ; Grace, Mary ; Lila, Mary Ann ; Cockrell, Chase ; Nadimpalli, Anuradha ; Chang, Eugene ; Chuang, Chia-Chi ; Zhong, Wei ; Mackert, Jessica ; Shen, Wan ; Cooney, Paula ; Hopkins, Robin ; McIntosh, Michael

关键词: Grapes;    Obesity;    Steatosis;    Inflammation;    Intestines;    Microbiota;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.021

学科分类：食品科学和技术

【 摘 要 】

The objective of this study was to determine if consuming an extractable or nonextractable fraction of table grapes reduced the metabolic consequences of consuming a high-fat, American-type diet. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low fat (LF) diet, a high fat (HF) diet, or an HF diet containing whole table grape powder (5% w/w), an extractable, polyphenol-rich (HF-EP) fraction, a nonextractable, polyphenol-poor (HF-NEP) fraction or equal combinations of both fractions (HF-EP+NEP) from grape powder for 16 weeks. Mice fed the HF-EP and HF-EP+NEP diets had lower percentages of body fat and amounts of white adipose tissue (WAT) and improved glucose tolerance compared to the HF-fed controls. Mice fed the HF-EP+NEP diet had lower liver weights and triglyceride (TG) levels compared to the HF-fed controls. Mice fed the HF-EP+NEP diets had higher hepatic mRNA levels of hormone sensitive lipase and adipose TG lipase, and decreased expression of c-reactive protein compared to the HF-fed controls. In epididymal (visceral) WAT, the expression levels of several inflammatory genes were lower in mice fed the HF-EP and HF-EP+NEP diets compared to the HF-fed controls. Mice fed the HF diets had increased myeloperoxidase activity and impaired localization of the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 in Heal mucosa compared to the HF-EP and HF-NEP diets. Several of these treatment effects were associated with alterations in gut bacterial community structure. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the polyphenol-rich, EP fraction from table grapes attenuated many of the adverse health consequences associated with consuming an HF diet. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.