Key volatile compounds in red koji-shochu, a Monascus-fermented product, and their formation steps during fermentation

卷:224

Rahayu, Yen Yen Sally ; Yoshizaki, Yumiko ; Yamaguchi, Keiko ; Okutsu, Kayu ; Futagami, Taiki ; Tamaki, Hisanori ; Sameshima, Yoshihiro ; Takamine, Kazunori

Kagoshima Univ

关键词: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry;    Monascus sp.;    Odor;    Red koji;    Shochu;    Volatile compounds;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.12.005

学科分类：食品科学和技术

【 摘 要 】

Red koji, which refers the solid culture grown koji mold on the steamed rice, is one of the ingredients of Asian fermented foods including the Japanese spirit shochu. This study was aimed at elucidating the characteristic flavor and key volatile compounds of red koji-shochu as well as the mechanism of their formation. Sensory evaluation showed that red koji-shochu has the distinctive flavors cheese, sour, milky, and oily. Fifteen key volatile compounds of red koji-shochu were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography, and by comparison between red koji-shochu and white koji-shochu, as another typical shochu. The mash analysis revealed that ketone compounds and short-chain acids derive from red koji. Furthermore, although other key compounds were produced by yeast, it is highly likely that their concentrations were affected directly or indirectly by the high activities of protease and lipase in red koji. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.