Optimal stroke frequency during diving activity in seabirds

Aquatic Biology

关键词: Cost of transport;    COT;    Diving;    Optimal model;    Seabirds;    Stroke frequency;   

DOI  :  10.3354/ab00219

学科分类：生物科学（综合）

来源: Inter-Research

【 摘 要 】

ABSTRACT: Diving animals have to counter both drag and buoyancy when moving through the water column. The magnitude of these forces depends upon an animal’s swim speed and current depth. Feet, fins or flippers create a motivating force, and different stroke strategies give a variable level of output power, providing both fast swim speeds and reduced travel times to any given target depth. However, while feet, fins or flippers may confer a real advantage, they also create considerable drag and engender high metabolic (oxygen consumption) costs. Consequently, there should be an optimal relationship between output power and stroke frequency during diving. Here we develop diving models to predict the optimal pattern of stroke frequency during both the descent and ascent phase of divers in water, while maintaining a minimum cost of transport (COT, J kg

【 授权许可】

CC BY