A Global Look at Time: A 24-Country Study of the Equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory

SAGE Open

Anna Sircova¹ 

关键词: Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory;    ZTPI;    time perspective;    equivalence;    cross-cultural research;   

DOI  :  10.1177/2158244013515686

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Sage Journals

【 摘 要 】

In this article, we assess the structural equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) across 26 samples from 24 countries (N = 12,200). The ZTPI is proven to be a valid and reliable index of individual differences in time perspective across five temporal categories: Past Negative, Past Positive, Present Fatalistic, Present Hedonistic, and Future. We obtained evidence for invariance of 36 items (out of 56) and also the five-factor structure of ZTPI across 23 countries. The short ZTPI scales are reliable for country-level analysis, whereas we recommend the use of the full scales for individual-level analysis. The short version of ZTPI will further promote integration of research in the time perspective domain in relation to many different psycho-social processes.

【 授权许可】

CC BY